lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

The Ob-Ugric languages are a commonly proposed branch of the Uralic languages, grouping together the Khanty (Ostyak) and Mansi (Vogul) languages. Both languages are split in numerous and highly divergent dialects. They, along with Hungarian, are often thought to comprise the Ugric branch of the Uralic languages, though the acceptance of Ugric is less frequent than acceptance of Ob-Ugric.^{[clarification needed]}

Ob-Ugric
(controversial)
Ethnicity	Ugrians
Geographic distribution	Central Russia
Linguistic classification	Uralic Ugric ? Ob-Ugric
Subdivisions	Khanty (Ostyak) Mansi (Vogul)
Glottolog	None
The Ob-Ugric languages

The languages are spoken in the region between the Urals and the Ob River and the Irtysh in central Russia. The forests and forest steppes of the southern Urals are thought to be the original homeland of the Ugric branch. Beginning some 500 years ago the arrival of the Russians pushed the speakers eastward to the Ob and Irtysh. Some Mansi speakers remained west of the Urals until as late as the early 20th century. Hungarian split off during the 11th century BC.[1][2] The Ob-Ugric languages have also been strongly influenced by nearby Turkic languages, especially Tatar.[3]

Mansi has about 1,000 speakers while Khanty has about 10,000 speakers, all within Russia. Until 1930, these languages had no written or literary traditions, but since 1937 have used a modified Cyrillic alphabet. However, no significant texts have been created in these languages and they have few official usages.[4]

Nature of the relationship

The status of the Ob-Ugric languages as a close areal grouping is clear, with adjacent varieties regularly sharing isoglosses and having loaned vocabulary back and forth (as well as from common external sources, e.g. from eastern dialects of Komi into northern dialects of Mansi and Khanty). This effect is particularly clear between the more eastern and northern varieties of Mansi, and the more western varieties of Khanty. Modern-day Northern Mansi and Northern Khanty continue to affect each other's evolution. Some areal similarities are also shared with their eastern Samoyedic relatives, in particular between Khanty and Selkup, but also Forest Nenets.[5] The relationship to Hungarian is looser: in their current state, the Ob-Ugric languages are radically different from Hungarian in phonology, syntax, and vocabulary.

The existence of a common Ob-Ugric period after the separation from Hungarian and the rest of Uralic is not universally accepted: some linguists treat all common features of Mansi and Khanty as either later convergence under mutual influence, or retentions from the common Ugric and earlier periods. Most Uralic classifications group Khanty and Mansi together even if they reject Ugric, but Salminen (2007)[6] and Janhunen (2009)[7] reject Ob-Ugric as well. (Janhunen classifies Hungarian and Mansi together, omitting Khanty.) Glottolog and Ethnologue take the agnostic approach of Salminen.

Typological features distinguishing the Ob-Ugric languages include:[8]

• The lack of a systematic voicing contrast. /ɣ/, however, is a frequent consonant word-medially.
• Retention of Proto-Uralic word-initial *w as /w/. (Also a feature of Nenets.)
• Vowel harmony is found in the most archaic varieties, southern Mansi and eastern Khanty.
• Ablaut of vowels, particularly in eastern Khanty
• In the northern dialects: a change *k → /x/ before back vowels. (A similar change also occurred in Hungarian.)
• Retention of subject–object–verb (SOV) word order
• Retention of dual number
• Partial or full replacement of the original 2nd person pronominal and suffixal elements; marked by the consonant /t/ in most Uralic languages but for the most part /n/ in Ob-Ugric.
• A smaller case system than in other Uralic languages, including a lack of the genitive case.

References

На других языках

---

- [en] Ob-Ugric languages

---

[fr] Langues ob-ougriennes

Les langues ob-ougriennes sont un groupe de deux langues, le mansi (vogoul) et le khanty (ostiak), parlées en Russie, entre l'Ob, l'Irtych et l'Oural. Ce sont les langues vivantes les plus étroitement apparentées au hongrois, avec lequel elles forment la branche ougrienne des langues ouraliennes.

---

[ru] Обско-угорские языки

О́бско-уго́рские языки́ — группа языков, распространенных в Западной Сибири. Входит в состав угорской подветви финно-угорских языков. В состав группы входят два языка — хантыйский и мансийский, оба невзаимопонятны с венгерским. На хантыйском языке говорят около 10000 человек в Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе и некоторых других регионах. Мансийский язык также распространён в Ханты-Мансийском АО, а также на севере и северо-востоке Свердловской области. В 2010 году им владели менее 1000 человек.

---

---