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Edomite was a Northwest Semitic Canaanite language, very similar to Hebrew, Ekronite, Ammonite, Phoenician, Amorite and Sutean, spoken by the Edomites in southwestern Jordan and parts of Israel in the 2nd and 1st millennium BCE. It is extinct and known only from a very small corpus.[2] It is attested in a scant number of impression seals, ostraca, and a single late 7th or early 6th century BCE letter, discovered in Horvat Uza.[2][3][4]

Edomite
Regionsouthwestern Jordan and southern Israel.
Eraearly 1st millennium BCE[1]
Language family
Language codes
ISO 639-3xdm
Linguist List
xdm
Glottologedom1234

Like Moabite, but unlike Hebrew, it retained the feminine ending -t in the singular absolute state. In early times, it seems to have been written with a Phoenician alphabet. However, by the 6th century BCE, it adopted the Aramaic alphabet. Meanwhile, Aramaic or Arabic features such as whb ("gave") and tgr ("merchant") entered the language, with whb becoming especially common in proper names.[citation needed] Like many other Canaanite languages, Edomite features a prefixed definite article derived from the presentative particle (h-ʔkl ‘the food’). The diphthong /aw/ contracted to /o/ between the 7th and 5th century BCE, as foreign transcriptions of the divine name "Qos" indicate a transition in pronunciation from Qāws to Qôs.[5]


Examples


Edomite[6] Reconstructed transliteration (per Ahituv 2008) Translation
אמר למלך אמר לבלבל ʾōmēr lammeleḵ ʾĕmōr ləḆīlbēl (Thus) said to the king: Say to Bilbel,
השלם את שהברכתך hăšālōm ʾattā wəhīḇraḵəttīḵā "Are you well?" and "I bless you
לקוס ועת תן את האכל ləQōs wəʿattā tēn ʾet hāʾoḵel by Qos." And now give the food
[ ] אשר עמד אחאמה ʾăšer ʿīmmaḏ ʾĂḥīʾīmmō [...] that Ahi'immoh [...]
והרם ש[א]ל על מז[בח קוס wəhērīm Šā[ʾu]l ʿal mīz[baḥ Qōs And may Sa[u]l lift [it] (up) upon (the) al[tar of Qos,
פן י]חמד האכל pen ye]ḥmad hāʾoḵel lest] the food become leavened

References


  1. Edomite at MultiTree on the Linguist List
  2. Lemaire, André (2013). "Edomite and Hebrew". In Khan, Geoffrey; Bolozky, Shmuel; Fassberg, Steven; Rendsburg, Gary A.; Rubin, Aaron D.; Schwarzwald, Ora R.; Zewi, Tamar (eds.). Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000499. ISBN 978-90-04-17642-3.
  3. Wilson-Wright, Aren M. (2019). "The Canaanite Languages" (PDF). The Semitic Languages. London, Routledge: 509–532. doi:10.4324/9780429025563-20. ISBN 9780429025563. S2CID 189509857 via utexas.edu.
  4. Vanderhooft, David S. (1995). "The Edomite Dialect and Script: A Review of Evidence". p. 142.
  5. W. Randall Garr (2004). Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine, 1000-586 B.C.E. Eisenbrauns. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-57506-091-0. OCLC 1025228731.
  6. Ahituv, Shmuel (2008). Echoes from the Past: Hebrew and Cognate Inscriptions from the Biblical Period. Carta. p. 351. ISBN 9789652207081.



На других языках


- [en] Edomite language

[it] Lingua edomita

La lingua edomita, estinta da secoli, era una lingua del gruppo cananaico, appartenente alla famiglia linguistica delle lingue afro-asiatiche, parlata dagli Edomiti (chiamati anche Idumei)[1]nel sud-ovest dell'odierna Giordania, nel I millennio a.C. È conosciuta solo grazie ad un ridotto corpus archeologico.

[ru] Эдомитский язык

Эдомитский язык — мёртвый язык из семьи семитских языков, на котором говорил древний ближневосточный народ идумеев (эдомитов). Существовал в I тысячелетии до нашей эры.



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