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Late Egyptian is the stage of the Egyptian language that was written by the time of the New Kingdom of Egypt around 1350 BC (the Amarna Period). Texts written wholly in Late Egyptian date to the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and later. Late Egyptian succeeded but did not fully supplant Middle Egyptian as a literary language.

Late Egyptian
RegionAncient Egypt
Erac. 1350–700 BC, when it evolved into Demotic
Language family
Afroasiatic
Early forms
Archaic Egyptian
  • Old Egyptian
    • Middle Egyptian
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone

Late Egyptian literature


Late Egyptian is represented by a large body of religious and secular literature, comprising such examples as the Story of Wenamun, the love poems of the Chester–Beatty I papyrus, and the Instruction of Any. Instructions became a popular literary genre of the New Kingdom, which took the form of advice on proper behavior. Late Egyptian was also the language of New Kingdom administration.[1][2]


Differences between Middle and Late Egyptian


Late Egyptian is not completely distinct from Middle Egyptian, as many "classicisms" appear in historical and literary documents of this phase.[3] However, the difference between Middle and Late Egyptian is greater than the difference between Middle and Old Egyptian. Originally a synthetic language, Egyptian by the Late Egyptian phase had become an analytic language.[4] The relationship between Middle Egyptian and Late Egyptian has been described as being similar to that between Latin and Italian.[5]


Developments during the first millennium BC


Hieroglyphic orthography saw an enormous expansion of its graphemic inventory between the Late Period and the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

Middle Egyptian had a renaissance after the Third Intermediate Period (1070–664 BCE), when it was often used in hieroglyphic and hieratic texts in preference to Late Egyptian.


Grammars



References



Footnotes


  1. Loprieno, op.cit., p.7
  2. Meyers, op.cit., p. 209
  3. Haspelmath, op.cit., p.1743
  4. Bard, op.cit., p.275
  5. Christidēs et al. op.cit., p.811

Sources



На других языках


[de] Neuägyptische Sprache

Das Neuägyptische ist die im Neuen Reich vorherrschende Stufe der Ägyptischen Sprache. Typisch neuägyptische Formen zeigen sich erstmals in der 17. Dynastie, rein neuägyptische Texte entstanden bereits vor der Amarnazeit.
- [en] Late Egyptian language

[fr] Néo-égyptien

Le néo-égyptien est la forme vernaculaire de l'égyptien ancien au Nouvel Empire, en particulier durant la période ramesside.

[ru] Новоегипетский язык

Новоегипетский язык — язык жителей Древнего Египта, использующий логографическое письмо, одна из стадий египетского языка. Основное распространение — периоды Нового царства и Третий переходный (около XIV—VIII веков до н. э.). В российской египтологии термин предложен учёным Ю. Я. Перепёлкиным[1]:1.



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