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Gaam (Gaahmg), also known as Ingessana, (Me/Mun)Tabi, Kamanidi, or Mamedja/Mamidza, is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Ingessana people in the Tabi Hills in eastern Sudan, near Ethiopia. It was considered an isolate within Eastern Sudanic until the other Eastern Jebel languages were discovered in the late 20th century. Dialects are Soda (Tao), Kukur (Gor), Kulang (Kulelek, Bau), Buwahg (Buek).

Gaam
Ingessana
Native to	Sudan
Ethnicity	Ingessana
Native speakers	67,000 (2000)[1]
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Kir–Abbaian Eastern Jebel Gaam
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tbi
Glottolog	gaam1241

Phonology

Consonants

There are 21 distinct consonant phonemes. The fricative, nasal, lateral and rhotic consonants also distinguish length.

[2]

	Labial		Dental		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar
Plosives	p	b	t̪	d̪	t	d	c	ɟ	k	ɡ
Fricatives	f, fː				s, sː
Nasals		m, mː				n, nː		ɲ, ɲː		ŋ, ŋː
Laterals						l, lː
Rhotics						r, rː
Approximants		w				ð	y

Vowels

There are six distinct vowel phonemes. All six can also occur in sequential (and thus lengthened) form but may change phonetic quality. Stirtz (2012)[3] proposes the following system:

	[-round]		[+round]
	[-back]	[+back]
[+ATR]	i	ə	u
[-ATR]	ɛ	a	ɔ

Tone

Gaam is a tonal language. There are three level tones, High, Mid and Low, which can be combined to form rising and falling tones. A total of nine tone melodies is possible, all of them contrastive.

References

Bibliography

External links

• Gaam basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

На других языках

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[de] Gaam

Gaam (eigentlich: kor-e-gaam „Sprache von zu Hause“[1]; auch: Ingassana/Ingessana, [Jebel] Tabi) ist eine Sprache, die von ca. 67.000 Menschen im Bundesstaat Blauer Nil im Osten[2] des Sudans am Berg Jebel Tabi gesprochen wird.

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- [en] Gaam language

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[fr] Gaahmg

Le gaahmg, aussi appelé ingessana, est une langue djebel orientale parlée par environ 67 000 locuteurs en 2000 dans l’est du Soudan.

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