lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Namibian Black German, also NBG, (German: Küchendeutsch, "kitchen German") is a pidgin language of Namibia that derives from standard German.[1] It is nearly extinct.[2] It was spoken mostly by Namibians who did not learn standard German during the period of German rule. It was never a first language. It is currently spoken as a second language by people generally over 50 years old, who today usually also speak Standard or Namibian German, Afrikaans, or English.[3] Along with general learning in the metropolitan environments of Southern Namibia where Namibian German is spoken, NBG may be preserved nominally through parent-to-child or in-house transmission.

Namibian Black German
Küchendeutsch
Native to	Namibia
Ethnicity	Black Namibians, generally Herero and Nama
Native speakers	None, possibly with some minor transmission to youth
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic High German Standard High German Namibian German Namibian Black German
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
Glottolog	None

History

Colonial acquisition of German in Namibia often took place outside of formal education and was primarily self-taught. Like many pidgin languages, Namibian Black German developed through limited access to the standard language and was restricted to the work environment.

Currently several hundred thousand Namibians speak German as a second language – many, but not most of them Black, and while Namibian German often does not adhere to standard German, it is not pidgin.[4]

Prepositions

This section does not cite any sources. (September 2021)

English and Afrikaans have left an influence on the development of NBG, leading to three primary prepositional patterns:[5]

• adding a preposition where Standard German would use the accusative
• dropping prepositions which are usually present in Standard German
• changing the preposition that is required by the verb

Examples

This section does not cite any sources. (September 2021)

Examples of phrases with Standard German equivalents:

• Lange nicht sehen - long no see ("Lange nicht gesehen")
• Was Banane kosten? - How much does the banana cost? ("Was kostet die/eine Banane?")
• spät Uhr - 'late hour', meaning 'it's late' ("es ist spät")
• Herr fahren Jagd, nicht Haus - "Master went hunting and he's not at home" ("Der Herr ist zur Jagd gefahren und ist nicht zu Hause")

References

Further reading

• Deumert, A (2003). "Markedness and salience in language contact and second-language acquisition: evidence from a non-canonical contact language". Language Sciences. 25 (6): 561–613. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(03)00033-0.
• Deumert, A. (2010). Historical Sociolinguistics in a Colonial World, Methodological Considerations [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://hison.sbg.ac.at/content/conferences/handoutsslides2010/Deumert3.pdf
• Deumert, A (2009). "Namibian Kiche Duits: The Making (and Decline) of Neo-African Language". Journal of Germanic Linguistics. 21 (4): 349–417. doi:10.1017/s1470542709990122.
• Langer, N., McLelland, N. (2011). German Studies: Language and Linguistics. The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies, 71, 564–594. JSTOR 10.5699/yearworkmodlang.71.2009.0564
• Shah, Sheena (2007). "German in a contact situation: The case of Namibian German" (PDF). EDUSA. 2 (2): 20–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-13.
• Stolberg, D. (2012). When a standard language goes colonial: Language attitudes, language planning, and destandardization during German colonialism. 25th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, Workshop 2: Foundations of Language Standardization. Retrieved from http://conference.hi.is/scl25/files/2012/06/Stolberg.pdf

На других языках

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[de] Küchendeutsch

Küchendeutsch (englisch Namibian Black German oder NBG) ist eine deutsch-basierte, nicht-kanonische Kontaktsprache in Namibia (ähnlich wie Unserdeutsch in Neuguinea). Küchendeutsch wird heute nur noch von etwa 15.000 hauptsächlich älteren Namibiern und früheren Angestellten der ehemaligen Kolonialherren verwendet, wovon sich auch der Name „Küchendeutsch“ ableitet. Die Sprecher beherrschen meist außerdem entweder Afrikaans oder Hochdeutsch (siehe auch Deutsche Sprache in Namibia).

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- [en] Namibian Black German

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[fr] Küchendeutsch

Küchendeutsch (textuellement « allemand de cuisine », aussi anglais Namibian Black German) est un pidgin à base lexicale allemande parlé en Namibie (tout comme l’Unserdeutsch en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée). Aujourd'hui, il est parlé par environ 15 000 Namibiens, principalement âgés et/ou autrefois employés chez leurs colonisateurs - d'où ce terme, Küchendeutsch.

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[it] Küchendeutsch

Il Küchendeutsch (in tedesco tedesco della cucina) è un pidgin non standardizzato della lingua tedesca parlato in Namibia, già colonia tedesca dal 1884 al 1919.

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[ru] Кюхендойч

Кю́хендойч (нем. Küchendeutsch, англ. Namibian Black German, NBG) — базирующийся на немецком неканонический контактный язык в Намибии (подобно языку унзердойч, который существует в Папуа — Новой Гвинее). На языке говорит около 15 тысяч человек преимущественно престарелых намибийцев и бывшими служащими колонизаторов, откуда и происходит современное название (в немецком слово Küche — дословно означает «кухня»). Носители языка, как правило, владеют литературным немецким языком или африкаанс.

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