lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageXakriabá (also written Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba) is an extinct or dormant Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese.[1] The language is known through two short wordlists collected by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.[2]: 14
Extinct Macro-Je language of Brazil
Xakriabá |
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Native to | Brazil |
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Region | Minas Gerais |
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Ethnicity | formerly Xakriabá people |
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Extinct | 1864 |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | xkr |
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Glottolog | xakr1238 |
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ELP | Xakriabá |
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The last confirmed native speaker of the language died in 1864.[citation needed]
Phonology
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i ĩ |
ɨ |
u ũ |
Mid |
e ẽ |
ə |
o õ |
Open-mid |
ɛ |
|
ɔ |
Open |
|
a ã |
|
- /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ] in shortened positions.
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Stop |
voiceless |
p |
t |
|
k |
|
voiced |
b |
d |
|
|
|
Fricative |
voiceless |
|
s |
(ʃ) |
|
h |
voiced |
|
z |
(ʒ) |
|
|
Nasal |
m |
n |
|
|
|
Tap |
|
ɾ |
|
|
|
Approximant |
w |
|
(j) |
|
|
- Sounds [j] is heard from /i/ before other vowels or within diphthongs.
- Sounds [ʃ ʒ] are heard as allophones of /s z/.
- Sounds [tʃ dʒ ɲ] are heard as allophones of /t d n/ when palatalized before /i/.
- [ɡ] can be heard as an allophone of /k/.[3]
History
Before 1712, Xakriabá was originally spoken along the São Francisco River near São Romão, Minas Gerais[4] (Saint-Hilaire 2000: 340-341).[5] The Xakriabá were then forced to migrate after being defeated by Matias Cardoso de Almeida [pt] and other Paulistas from 1690 onwards. In 1819, Saint-Hilaire (1975: 145)[6] noted that the Xakriabá of Triângulo Mineiro region spoke a Xerente dialect.[4]
References
- Christopher Moseley (2007). Encyclopedia Of The World's Endangered Languages. London, UK: Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9780700711970.
- Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
- Rodrigues Mota, Liliane (2020). Estudo Sobre o Léxico Akwe Xakriabá: Uma Proposta de Escrita e Uma Chamada para a Revitalização da Língua. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
- Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
- Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
- Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 1975. Viagem à província de Goiás. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
Languages of Brazil |
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Official language | |
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Regional languages | |
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Indigenous languages | Arawakan | |
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Arawan | |
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Cariban | |
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Panoan | |
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Macro-Jê | |
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Nadahup | |
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Tupian | |
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Chapacuran | |
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Tukanoan | |
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Nambikwaran | |
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Others | |
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|
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Interlanguages | |
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Sign languages | |
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Non-official | |
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Macro-Jê languages |
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Jê | Cerrado | Goyaz | Panará | |
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Northern | Timbira |
- Canela
- Krahô
- Pykobjê
- Krĩkatí
- Parkatêjê
- Kỳikatêjê
- Krẽjê
|
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|
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|
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Central (Akuwẽ) | |
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|
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Jê of Paraná |
|
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Unclassified | |
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|
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Trans–São Francisco | |
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Western | |
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Karajá | |
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Borôro ? | |
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Karirí ? | |
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Purían ? | |
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Italics indicate extinct languages |
На других языках
- [en] Xakriabá language
[fr] Xakriabá
Le xakriabá est une langue de la famille des langues jê parlée au Brésil. La langue est éteinte[1].
[it] Lingua xakriabá
La lingua Xakriabá (o Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba) è una lingua morta appartenente alla Famiglia linguistica delle Lingue gê anticamente parlata in Brasile, nello stato di Minas Gerais, dagli Xakriabá, che ormai parlano solo il Portoghese.[1]
[ru] Шакриаба (язык)
Шакриаба (Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba, Xakriabá) — мёртвый язык, относящийся к группе же, на котором говорил народ шакриаба, проживающий в штате Минас-Жерайс в Бразилии. В настоящее время народ говорит на португальском языке.
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