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Amorite is an extinct early Semitic language, formerly spoken during the Bronze Age by the Amorite tribes prominent in ancient Near Eastern history. It is known from Ugaritic, classed by some as its westernmost dialect and the only known Amorite dialect preserved in writing,[1][2][3] and non-Akkadian proper names recorded by Akkadian scribes during periods of Amorite rule in Babylonia (the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC), notably from Mari and to a lesser extent Alalakh, Tell Harmal and Khafajah. Occasionally, such names are also found in early Egyptian texts; and one placename, "Sənīr" سنير (שְׂנִיר) for Mount Hermon, is known from the Bible (Book of Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 3:9).[1]

Amorite
Native to	Levant
Extinct	2nd millennium BC
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic Central Semitic Northwest Semitic Amorite
Dialects	Ugaritic?
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
Glottolog	amor1239

Amorite is considered an archaic Northwest Semitic language, but there is also some evidence for other groupings.

Notable characteristics include the following:

• The usual Northwest Semitic imperfective-perfective distinction is found: Yantin-Dagan, 'Dagon gives' (ntn); Raṣa-Dagan, 'Dagon was pleased' (rṣy). It included a 3rd-person suffix -a (unlike Akkadian or Hebrew) and an imperfect vowel, a-, as in Arabic rather than the Hebrew and Aramaic -i-.
• There was a verb form with a geminate second consonant — Yabanni-Il, 'God creates' (root bny).
• In several cases that Akkadian has š, Amorite, like Hebrew and Arabic, has h, thus hu 'his', -haa 'her', causative h- or ʼ- (I. Gelb 1958).
• The 1st-person perfect is in -ti (singular), -nu (plural), as in the Canaanite languages.

Notes

References

• A. Andrason and J.-P. Vita, "Amorite: A Northwest Semitic Language?", Journal of Semitic Studies 63/1 ( 2018): 18–58.
• D. Cohen. Les langues chamito-semitiques. Paris: CNRS, 1985.
• I. Gelb. La lingua degli amoriti, Academia Nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti 8, no. 13 (1958): 143–163.
• H. B. Huffmon. Amorite Personal Names in the Mari Texts: A Structural and Lexical Study. Baltimore, 1965.
• Remo Mugnaioni. “Notes pour servir d’approche à l’amorrite” Travaux 16 – La sémitologie aujourd’hui. Aix-en-Provence: Cercle de Linguistique d’Aix-en-Provence, Centre des sciences du language, 2000, p. 57–65.
• M. P. Streck. Das amurritische Onomastikon der altbabylonischen Zeit, vol. 1: Die Amurriter, Die onomastische Forschung, Orthographie und Phonologie, Nominalmorphologie. Alter Orient und Altes Testament Band 271/1. Münster, 2000.

На других языках

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- [en] Amorite language

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[fr] Amorrite

L’amorrite est une langue sémitique, parlée par le peuple amorrite ayant vécu en Syrie, en haute et basse Mésopotamie entre la fin du IIIe millénaire et le début du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. Cette langue est encore fortement marquée d’archaïsmes comme le montre son système phonologique ainsi qu’un certain nombre d’isoglosses avec l’akkadien. Seules la fréquence de certains parallélismes et la proximité de son lexique avec l’hébreu, l’araméen ou l’ougaritique font, selon toute vraisemblance, de l’amorrite une langue cananéenne. Pour Giovanni Garbini, il s’agit d’une langue structurellement nouvelle dans laquelle il voit « a kind of modernization of a language of Eblaite type. This means, that if Amorites conquer new lands and cities, other languages may accept the same modernisation without losing much of their own identities: this is what I have called amoritization »[1].

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[it] Lingua amorrea

La lingua amorrea era una lingua semitica parlata dagli Amorrei, considerata un dialetto occidentale della lingua ugaritica.[1][2][3]

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[ru] Аморейский язык

Аморейский язык — мёртвый язык из семьи семитских языков, на котором говорил древний ближневосточный народ амореев (аморитов). Существовал в III — II тысячелетиях до нашей эры. Также известен как аморитский язык.

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