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Berlin German, or Berlin dialect (High German: Berliner Dialekt, Berliner Mundart, Berlinerisch or Berlinisch; derogative: Berliner Schnauze, German pronunciation: [bɛʁˌliːnɐ ˈʃnaʊ̯t͡sə] (listen)), is the dialect spoken in the city of Berlin as well as its surrounding metropolitan area. It originates from a Brandenburgisch dialect. However, several phrases in Berlin German are typical of and unique to the city, indicating the manifold origins of immigrants, such as the Huguenots from France.

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Berlin German
Berlin dialect
Berliner Dialekt, Berliner Mundart, Berlinerisch, Berlinisch
Region	Berlin
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Ingvaeonic Low German East Low German Berlin German
Early form	Brandenburgisch dialect
Writing system	German alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
IETF	de-u-sd-debe

Overview

The area of Berlin was one of the first to abandon East Low German as a written language, which occurred in the 16th century, and later also as a spoken language. That was the first dialect of Standard German with definite High German roots but a Low German substratum apparently formed (Berlinerisch may therefore be considered an early form of Missingsch). Only recently has the new dialect expanded into the surroundings, which had used East Low German.

Since the 20th century, Berlinese has been a colloquial standard in the surrounding Brandenburg region. However, in Berlin proper, especially in the former West Berlin, the dialect is now seen more as a sociolect, largely through increased immigration and trends among the educated population to speak Standard German in everyday life.[1]

Occasionally, the dialect is found on advertising.

Phonology

Berliner pronunciation is similar to that of other High German varieties. Nevertheless, it maintains unique characteristics, which set it apart from other variants. The most notable are the strong contraction trends over several words and the rather irreverent adaptation of foreign words and anglicisms that are difficult to understand for many speakers of Upper German. Also, some words contain the letter j (representing IPA: [j]) instead of g, as is exemplified in the word for good, in which gut becomes jut.

Grammar

Berlinese grammar contains some notable differences from that of Standard German. For instance, the accusative case and dative case are not distinguished. Similarly, conjunctions that are distinguished in standard German are not in Berlinese. For example, in Standard German, wenn (when, if) is used for conditional, theoretical or consistent events, and wann (when) is used for events that are currently occurring or for questions. There is no difference between the two in Berlinese.[2]

Genitive forms are also replaced by prepositional accusative forms, some still with an inserted pronoun: dem sein Haus (this one his house) rather than the standard sein Haus (his house). Plural forms often have an additional -s, regardless of the standard plural ending.[3]

Words ending in -ken are often written colloquially and pronounced as -sken.

Pronouns

Personal pronoun:

	1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.: m. / f. / n.			1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	polite address
Nom.	ick icke (absolute, standing without verb) -'k (enclitic)	du due (alternatively when absolute, rare) -e (enclitic)	er	sie, se	et -'t (enclitic)	wir	ihr	sie, se	Sie, Se
Dat.-Acc.	mir (emphatic: mia, unemphatic: ma)	dir	ihn ihm (occasionally, and then more common in Acc.)	ihr	et -'t (enclitic)	uns	euch	sie, se ihr (occasionally)	Ihn' Sie (alternatively after prepositions)

Interrogative pronoun:

	m. (f.)	n.
Nom.	wer	wat
Gen.	wems wemst
Dat.-Acc.	wem

[4][5]

See also

• Missingsch

References

External links

• Berlinerisch-German dictionary

На других языках

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[de] Berliner Dialekt

Der Berliner Dialekt (auch als Berliner Mundart, Berlinisch oder Berliner Jargon bezeichnet; Eigenbezeichnung: Berlinerisch) ist der Dialekt, der im Großraum Berlin gesprochen wird. Im Zusammenhang mit einem oft derben, aber herzlichen Humor wird diese Ausdrucksweise auch als „Schnauze mit Herz“ (Berliner Schnauze) bezeichnet.[1] Beim Berlinerischen handelt es sich sprachwissenschaftlich nicht um einen Dialekt, sondern um einen (selten anzutreffenden) „Metrolekt“, eine in großstädtischen Zentren aus einer Mischung vieler unterschiedlicher Mundarten entstehende Stadtsprache. Die Entwicklung des Berlinerischen hat die Sprache des umliegenden Bundeslandes Brandenburg beeinflusst und das regionale, ursprünglich in der Mark Brandenburg gesprochene Niederdeutsch verdrängt. Die stärkste Ausprägung hat diese „neue“ Sprache in den städtischen Bereichen Berlins erfahren. So existieren in Berlin bislang Wörter und Spitznamen, die noch nicht in die Sprache des Umlands Einzug gefunden haben. Als Sprache ist sie ständigen Wandlungen unterworfen, sodass verschiedene Angaben hier so vielleicht nicht mehr zutreffen. Zur Aussprache und üblichen Schreibweisen siehe Berlinerische Grammatik.

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- [en] Berlin German

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[ru] Берлинский диалект

Берли́нский диале́кт (нем. Berlinerisch, Berlinisch) — диалект немецкого языка, распространённый в Берлине и окрестностях Бранденбурга. Принадлежит к берлинско-бранденбургским диалектам восточносредненемецкой группы.

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