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Sanumá /ˈsænʊmə/[2] or Sanöma is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil. It is also known as Sanema, Sanima, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari and Chirichano. Most of its speakers in Venezuela also speak Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritare, the language of the Ye'kuana people the Sanumá live alongside in the Caura River basin.

Sanumá
Kohoroxitari
Sanöma
Pronunciation[ˈsɑnɨmɑ]
Native toVenezuela, Brazil
EthnicitySanumá
Native speakers
5,100 (2000–2006)[1]
Language family
Yanomaman
  • Sanumá
Language codes
ISO 639-3xsu
Glottologsanu1240
ELPSanumá
Yanomaman languages location
  Ninam
  Sanumá

Sanumá is an isolating language.


History


Throughout the centuries, the Yanomami, originally from the Parima range, have spread up toward river valleys on the plains both to the south in Brazil, and to the north in Venezuela. The Sanumá speak one of the four know Yanomami languages. It is in the rainforests of north Brazil and south Venezuela that the groups have lived undisturbed until recently. In the last 40 years or so the western world has been knocking at their doorsteps wanting lumber and gold.[3]


Dialects


Some linguists identify dialects such as Yanoma, Cobari, Caura, and Ervato-Ventuari in Venezuela and Auaris in Brazil. All the dialects are mutually intelligible. In Venezuela, Sanumá is spoken in the vicinity of the Caura and Ervato-Ventuari Rivers in Venezuela, while in Brazil, it is spoken in the Auari River region of Roraima.

There are three dialects spoken in Roraima, Brazil:[4]


References


  1. Sanumá at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
  3. Ramos, Alcida Rita (c. 1995). Sanumá memories: Yanomami ethnography in times of crisis. Memórias sanumá.English. Madison, Wis. hdl:2027/txu.059173015239841. ISBN 9780299146542.
  4. Ferreira, Helder Perri; Machado, Ana Maria Antunes; Senra, Estevão Benfica. 2019. As línguas Yanomami no Brasil: diversidade e vitalidade. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) and Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN). 216pp. ISBN 978-85-8226-076-0

Further reading




На других языках


- [en] Sanumá language

[es] Idioma sanemá

El sanemá o sanumá es una de las lenguas yanomami habladas en Venezuela y Brasil con una cercana relación entre ellos. Recibe también el nombre de Tsanuma, Sanemá, Sanima, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari, y Chirichano. La mayoría de los que hablan el idioma son monolíngües, aunque en algunas áreas del Brasil, algunos usan el Ye'kuana, denominado también Maquiritaire. Los dialectos venezolanos son el Yanoma y el Cobari, y los dialectos brasileños son el Caura, Ervato-Ventuari, y Auaris. Estos dialectos brasileños tienen una más cercana relación uno con el otro.

[fr] Sanumá

Le sanumá (autonyme : sanöma) est la langue yanomami de l'ethnie sanumá (en) et est parlé au Venezuela et au Brésil.

[ru] Санума (язык)

Санума (Chirichano, Guaika, Samatali, Samatari, Sanema, Sanima, Sanumá, Tsanuma, Xamatari) — яномамский язык, на котором говорит народ санума вдоль реки Верхний Ауарис территории западной части реки Верхний Падамо; вдоль рек Вентуари, Эребато, Каура штатов Боливар и Амасонас в Венесуэле, а также около реки Ауарис штата Рорайма в Бразилии.



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