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Skou (Sekol, Sekou, Sko, Skouw, Skow, Sukou), or Tumawo (Te Mawo), is a Papuan language of Indonesia.

Skou
Tumawo
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Muara Tami District [id], Jayapura Regency
Native speakers	700 (1999)[1]
Language family	Skou Western Skou
Language codes
ISO 639-3	skv
Glottolog	nucl1634
ELP	Skou

Distribution

Skou is spoken in three villages of Muara Tami District [id], Jayapura Regency. The villages are:[2]

• Skou Yambe [id] (Skou name: Te Tángpe), the westernmost and most populous Skou village
• Skou Mabo [id] (Skou name: Te Máwo), located between Skou Yambe and Skou Sai villages
• Skou Sai [id] (Skou name: Te Bapúbi), the easternmost and least populous Skou village

Phonology

Consonants

The Skou consonants are:[3]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k
	voiced	b		ɟ~ɡʲ
Fricative		f				h
Liquid	lateral		l
	rhotic		r
Semivowel		w		j

Vowels

Vowels can be nasalized, except for /ɨ/ and /u/.[3]

	Front		Central		Back
	oral	nasal	oral	nasal	oral	nasal
Close	i	ĩ	ɨ		u
Mid	e	ẽ	ə	ə̃	o	õ
Open	a	ã

Tone

Skou contrasts three different tones in monosyllables: high, low and falling, which can be combined with nasality for a six-way contrast.[2]

Pitch	Oral	Nasal
high [˥]	ta 'grass'	tã 'bird'
low [˨]	ta 'hair'	tã 'canoe'
falling [˥˩]	ta 'arrow'	tã 'machete'

Tone in Skou is affiliated with each word, rather than with each syllable.

In addition to lexical differences in tone, tone has grammatical functions. [2]

For instance, tense in Skou is differentiated by tone.

non-past tense forms
[ni hu] falling-falling 'I sew'	[ni ha] falling-high 'I stand'	[ni hũ] falling-low 'I drink'
past tense forms
[ni hu] falling-low 'I sewed'	[ni ha] falling-low 'I stood'	[ni hũ] falling-low 'I drank'

Pronouns

Skou differentiates three types of pronouns: free pronouns, genitive pronouns and dative pronouns. [2]

	Free Pronouns	Genitive Pronouns	Dative Pronouns
1SG	[ni˥˩]	[ni˥˩]	[nɛ˨]
1PL	[nɛ˨]	[nɛ˥˩]	[nɛ˨]
2SG	[mɛ˥˩]	[mɛ˥˩]	[mɛ˨]
2PL	[ɛ˨]	[ɛ˥˩]	[ɛ˨]
3SG.NF	[kɛ˨]	[kɛ˥]	[kɛ˨]
3SG.F	[pɛ˨]	[pɛ˥˩]	[pɛ˨]
3PL	[tɛ˨]	[tɛ˥˩]	[tɛ˨]

References

• Donohue, Mark. 2004. A Grammar of the Skou language of New Guinea. Singapore: National University of Singapore. Available at .

На других языках

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- [en] Skou language

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[fr] Skou

Le skou est une langue papoue parlée en Indonésie, à l'Est de Jayapura dans la province de Papouasie.

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