lingvo.wikisort.org - Lingua
La lingua taliscia (Tolışi / Толыши / تالشی زَوُن) è una lingua iranica nord-occidentale, parlata nelle regioni settentrionali delle province iraniane di Gilan e Ardabil, e nelle regioni meridionali della Repubblica dell'Azerbaigian. La lingua taliscia è strettamente legata alla lingua tati. Storicamente, la lingua e il popolo taliscio possono essere tracciati dal periodo medio-iranico fino agli antichi medi. La lingua taliscia include vari dialetti, di solito separati in tre gruppi: settentrionali (in Azerbaigian e Iran), centrali (Iran) e meridionali (Iran). C'è un'ampia varietà di stime sul numero di parlanti della lingua taliscia, con le cifre più affidabili che variano tra 500.000 e un milione di parlanti. Il taliscio è solo parzialmente intelligibile con la lingua persiana, ed è classificato come "vulnerabile" nel Libro Rosso Unesco delle lingue in pericolo.[1]
| Taliscio Tolışi Толыши تالشی زَوُن | |
|---|---|
| Parlato in | Azerbaigian, Iran |
| Regioni | fascia costiera sud-occidentale del Mar Caspio |
| Locutori | |
| Totale | 500.000 - 1 milione |
| Altre informazioni | |
| Scrittura | Alfabeto arabo-persiano in Iran Alfabeto latino in Azerbaigian Alfabeto cirillico in Russia |
| Tassonomia | |
| Filogenesi | Lingue indoeuropee Lingue indoiraniche Lingue iraniche Lingue iraniche occidentali Lingue iraniche nordoccidentali Lingue tati |
| Statuto ufficiale | |
| Regolato da | Accademia della Lingua e della Letteratura Persiana |
| Codici di classificazione | |
| ISO 639-3 | tly (EN)
|
| Glottolog | taly1247 (EN)
|
| Linguasphere | 58-AAC-ed
|
 Distribuzione geografica dei dialetti talisci | |
Dialetti
| Dialetti talisci | ||
|---|---|---|
| Settentrionali (in Azerbaijan, e in Iran da Anbaran a Lavandavil): |
Centrali (in Iran, provincia di Gilan, da Haviq a Taleshdula/Rezvanshahr): |
Meridionali (in Iran, da Khushabar a Fumanat): |
| Astara, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Karaganrud/Kotbesara, Lavandavil | Taleshdula, Asalem, Tularud | Khushabar, Shanderman, Masule, Masal, Siahmazgar |
I dialetti settentrionali hanno alcuni differenze salienti rispetto a quelli centrali o meridionali, ad esempio:[2]
| Taleshdulaei | esempio | Lankarani | esempio | significato |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| â | âvaina | u | uvai:na | specchio |
| dâr | du | albero | ||
| a | za | â | zârd | giallo |
| u/o | morjena | â | mârjena | formica |
| x | xetē | h | htē | dormire |
| j | gij | ž | giž | confuso |
Monottonghi
| IPA | 1929–1938 | ISO 9 | Alfabeto arabo-persiano | KNAB (199x(2.0)) | Cirillico | Altra romanizzazione | Esempio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ɒː | a | a | آ, ا | a | a | â | âv |
| æ | a | a̋ | َ, اَ | ǝ | ә | a, ä | asta |
| ə | ә | - | ِ, اِ or َ, اَ | ə | ə | e, a | esa |
| eː | e | e | ِ, اِ | e | e | e | nemek |
| o | o | o | ا, ُ, و | o | о | o | šalvo |
| u | u | u | او, و | u | y | u | udmi |
| y | u | - | او, و | ü | y | ü | salü, kü, düri, Imrü |
| i | ъ | y | ای, ی | ı | ы | i | bila |
| iː | i | i | ای, ی | i | и | i, ị | neči, xist |
| Notes: ISO 9 standardization is dated 1995. 2.0 KNAB romanization is based on the Azeri Latin.[3] | |||||||
Dittonghi
| IPA | Alfabeto arabo-persiano | Romanizzazione | Esempio |
|---|---|---|---|
| ɒːɪ | آی, ای | âi, ây | bâyl, dây |
| aʊ | اَو | aw | dawlat |
| æɪ | اَی | ai, ay | ayvona, ayr |
| oʊ | اُو | ow, au | kow |
| eɪ | اِی | ey, ei, ay, ai | keybânu |
| æːɐ | اَ | ah | zuah, soahvona, buah, yuahnd, kuah, kuahj |
| eːɐ | اِ | eh | âdueh, sueh, danue'eh |
| ɔʏ | اُی | oy | doym, doymlavar |
Consonanti
| IPA | 1929–1938 | ISO 9 | Alfabeto arabo-persiano | KNAB (199x(2.0)) | Cyrillic | Altra romanizzazione | Esempio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | p | پ | p | п | p | pitâr |
| b | в | b | ب | b | б | b | bejâr |
| t | t | t | ت, ط | t | т | t | tiž |
| d | d | d | د | d | д | d | debla |
| k | k | k | ک | k | к | k | kel |
| ɡ | g | g | گ | g | г | g | gaf |
| ɣ | ƣ | ġ | غ | ğ | ғ | gh | ghuša |
| q | q | k̂ | ق | q | ҝ | q | qarz |
| tʃ | c, ç | č | چ | ç | ч | ch, č, c | čâki |
| dʒ | j | ĉ | ج | c | ҹ | j, ĵ | jâr |
| f | f | f | ف | f | ф | f | fel |
| v | v | v | و | v | в | v | vaj |
| s | s | s | س, ص, ث | s | с | s | savz |
| z | z | z | ز, ذ, ض, ظ | z | з | z | zeng |
| ʃ | ş | š | ش | ş | ш | sh | šav |
| ʒ | ƶ | ž | ژ | j | ж | zh | ža |
| x | x | h | خ | x | x | kh | xâsta |
| h | h | ḥ | ه, ح | h | һ | h | haka |
| m | m | m | م | m | м | m | muža |
| n | n | n | ن | n | н | n | nân |
| l | l | l | ل | l | л | l | lar |
| "L mixed with I" (maybe lʲ?) | - | - | - | - | - | - | xâlâ, avâla, dalâ, domlavar, dalaza |
| ɾ | r | r | ر | r | р | r | raz |
| j | y | j | ی | y | ј | y, j | yânza |
| Notes: ISO 9 standardization is dated 1995. 2.0 KNAB romanization is based on the Azeri Latin.[3] | |||||||
Differenze col persiano
Le differenze fonologiche generali tra dialetti talisci e persiano sono le seguenti:[2]
| taliscio | esempio | persiano | esempio | significato |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| u | duna | â | dâne | seme |
| i | insân | e iniziale | ensân | essere umano |
| e | tarâze | u | terâzu | bilancia |
| e | xerâk | o | xorâk | cibo |
| a in parole composte | mâng-a-tâv | ∅ | mah-tâb | chiaro di luna |
| v | âv | b | âb | acqua |
| f | sif | b | sib | mela |
| x | xâsta | h | âheste | lento |
| t | tert | d | tord | fragile |
| j | mija | ž | može | ciglia |
| m | šamba | n | šanbe | sabato |
| ∅ | mēra | h mediana | mohre | perla |
| ∅ | ku | h finale | kuh | montagna |
Vocabolario
| Italiano | Zazaki | Centrale (Taleshdulaei) | Meridionale(Khushabari / Shandermani) | Tati (Kelori / Geluzani) | Taliscio | Persiano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grande | pilla | ? | yâl | yâl | pilla | bozorg, gat, (yal, pil) |
| ragazzo, figlio | za | zoa, zua | zôa, zue | zu'a, zoa | zâ | Pesar |
| sposa | veyv | vayü | vayu | gēša, veyb | vayu, vēi | arus |
| gatto | pisink | kete, pišik, piš | peču | peču, pešu, piši | pešu | gorbe, piši |
| piangere, gridare | berma | bamē | beramestē | beramē | beramesan | geristan |
| ragazzina, figlia | keyna/kille | kina, kela | kilu, kela | kina, kel(l)a | kille, kilik | doxtar |
| giorno | roc/roz | rüž, ruj | ruz | ruz, roz | ruz | ruz |
| mangiare | hverde | hardē | hardē | hardē | hardan | xordan |
| uovo | heak, uvay | uva, muqna, uya | âgla | merqona | xâ, merqowna | toxme morq |
| occhio | çem | čâš | čaš, čam | čēm | čašm | čašm |
| padre | per, piyer | dada, piya, biya | dada | ? | pē | pedar |
| aver paura | tarsey | purnē, târsē | târsinē, tarsestē | tarsē | tarsesan | tarsidan |
| bandiera | bayrok | filak | parčam | ? | ? | parčam, derafš |
| cibo | xuruk | xerâk | xerâk | xerâk | xuruk | xorâk |
| andare | şè | šē | šē | šē | šiyan | raftan (šodan) |
| casa | kàye/ka | ka | ka | ka | ka | xâne |
| lingua | zıvon, zun | zivon | zun | zavon | zuân | zabân |
| luna | aşm, meng | mâng, uvešim | mâng | mang | mung, meng | mâh |
| madre | mar,may, mayer | mua, mu, nana | nana | ? | mâ, dēdē, nana | mâdar, nane |
| bocca | fek, gavé | qav, gav | ga, gav, ga(f) | qar | gar | dahân, kak |
| notte | şaw | šav | şaw | šav | šav | šab |
| nord | şımal | kubasu | šimâl | ? | ? | šemâl |
| riso | berzé | berz | berz | berj | berenj | berenj |
| dire | vâtē | votē | vâtē | vâtē | vâtan | goftan |
| sorella | Xvâyer | huva, hova, ho | xâlâ, xolo | xâ | xâv, xâ | xâhar |
| piccolo | kuşkek | ruk, gada | ruk | ruk | velle, xš | kučak |
| tramonto | maqrib | šânga | maqrib | ? | ? | maqreb |
| alba | tinc, aftab, xvorşid | şefhaši | âftâv | ? | ? | âftâb |
| acqua | ov, av | uv, ôv | âv | âv | âv | âb |
| donna, moglie | cen | žēn | žēn, žen | yen, žen | zanle, zan | zan |
| ieri | vizer | zina | zir, izer | zir, zer | zir | diruz, di |
Note
- UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
- Abdoli, A. 1380 AP / 2001 AD.
- Pedersen, T. T..
Bibliografia
- Abdoli, A., 1380 AP / 2001 AD. Tat and Talysh literature (Iran and Azerbaijan republic). Entešâr Publication, Tehran, ISBN 964-325-100-4. (Persian)
- Asatrian, G., and Habib Borjian, 2005. Talish: people and language: The state of research. Iran and the Caucasus 9/1, pp. 43–72 (published by Brill).
- Bazin, M., 1974. Le Tâlech et les tâlechi: Ethnic et region dans le nord-ouest de l'Iran, Bulletin de l'Association de Geographes Français, no. 417-418, 161-170. (French)
- Bazin, M., 1979. Recherche des papports entre diversité dialectale et geographie humaine: l'example du Tâleš, G. Schweizer, (ed.), Interdisciplinäre Iran-Forschung: Beiträge aus Kulturgeographie, Ethnologie, Soziologie und Neuerer Geschichte, Wiesbaden, 1-15. (French)
- Bazin, M., 1981. Quelque échantillons des variations dialectales du tâleši, Studia Iranica 10, 111-124, 269-277. (French)
- Paul, D., 2011. A comparative dialectal description of Iranian Taleshi. PhD Dissertation: University of Manchester. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:119653
- Yarshater, E., 1996. The Taleshi of Asalem. Studia Iranica, 25, New York.
- Yarshater, E., "Tâlish". Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., vol. 10.
Altri progetti
Incubator contiene un test su Wikipedia in Lingua taliscia
Collegamenti esterni
- Positive Orientation Towards the Vernacular among the Talysh of Sumgayit
- Example of Talyshi Language
- B. Miller. Talysh language and the languages of Azeri (Russian)
- A. Mamedov, k.f.n. Talishes as carriers of the ancient language of Azerbaijan (Russian)
- A short note on the history of Talyshi literature (Persian)
| Controllo di autorità | GND (DE) 4232666-7 |
|---|
На других языках
[de] Talisch
Das Talisch ist eine iranische Sprache, die im aserbaidschanisch-iranischen Grenzgebiet entlang des Kaspischen Meeres gesprochen wird. Sie ist die Sprache der Talyschen. Dabei hat das Talisch drei Dialekte, und zwar Nordtalisch (Aserbaidschan, Iran), Zentraltalisch (Iran) und Südtalisch (Iran). Das Nordtalisch war auch unter dem Namen Talish-i Gushtasbi bekannt.[en] Talysh language
The Talysh language (زبان تالشی, Tolışə Zıvon, Tолышә зывон),[3][4] is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan by around 500,000-800,000 people. Talysh language is closely related to the Tati language. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). Talysh is partially, but not fully, intelligible with Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[5][es] Idioma talish
El idioma talish (Tolışi / Толыши / تالشی زَوُن) es una lengua indoirania occidental. El talish fue prevalente en Azerbaiyán[cita requerida] antes de la llegada de los selyúcidas, aunque con el tiempo la mayoría de la población de Azerbaiyán pasó al uso permanente de la lengua azerí, que pertenece a la familia de lenguas túrquicas.[fr] Talysh (langue)
Le talysh, ou talyche, parfois aussi appelé tâlechi, est une langue iranienne parlée en Iran, au Sud de la mer Caspienne, et en Azerbaïdjan par les Talyches.- [it] Lingua taliscia
[ru] Талышский язык
Талы́шский язы́к — язык талышей, относится к северо-западной группе иранских языков индоевропейской языковой семьи[4], распространён на юге Азербайджана и в сопредельных районах Ирана. Является прямым потомком или ближайшим родственником иранского языка азери[5] (азари), распространённого на территории Азербайджана до прихода сельджуков.Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
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