The Swedish Dialect Alphabet (Swedish: Landsmålsalfabetet) is a phonetic alphabet created in 1878 by Johan August Lundell and used for the narrow transcription of Swedish dialects. The initial version of the alphabet consisted of 89 letters, 42 of which came from the phonetic alphabet proposed by Carl Jakob Sundevall.[1] It has since grown to over 200 letters.[2] The alphabet supplemented Latin letters with symbols adapted from a range of alphabets, including modified forms of þ and ð from Germanic alphabets, γ and φ from the Greek alphabet and ы from the Cyrillic alphabet, and extended with systematic decorations.[1] There are also a number of diacritics representing prosodic features.[2]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (May 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,626 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Landsmålsalfabetet]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ru|Landsmålsalfabetet}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

The alphabet has been used extensively for the description of Swedish dialects in both Sweden and Finland.[2] It was also the source of many of the symbols used by the Swedish sinologist Bernhard Karlgren in his reconstruction of Middle Chinese.[3]

Three of the additional letters—ⱸ, ⱹ and ⱺ—were included in version 5.1.0 of Unicode (U+2C78 to U+2C7A) for use in a dictionary of Swedish dialects spoken in Finland.[2] A proposal to encode a further 106 characters was made in 2008.[4] As of 2019^[update], this proposal is partially implemented, with some proposed allocations already in use by other characters.[5][6][7]

See also

• International Phonetic Alphabet
• Dania transcription

References

Further reading

• Manne Eriksson, Svensk ljudskrift 1878–1960 : En översikt över det svenska landsmålsalfabetets utveckling och användning huvudsakligen i tidskriften Svenska Landsmål (1961)

External links

• Landsmålsalfabetet (in Swedish)
• "Landsmålsalfabetet", Nordisk familjebok, volume 15 (1911) 1044, 1045–6, 1047–8.

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[ru] Landsmålsalfabetet