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The Yong'an dialect (Central Min: 永安事, Mandarin Chinese: 永安話) is a Central Min dialect spoken in Yong'an, Sanming in Western Fujian Province, China.

Yong'an dialect
永安事
Pronunciation[uã˧ um˧ sia˧˥]
Native toSouthern China
RegionYong'an, Sanming, Fujian
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone
Linguasphere79-AAA-hbc
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Phonology


The Yong'an dialect has 17 initials, 41 rimes and 6 tones.


Initials


The initials of the Yong'an dialect are:

BilabialDentalPalato-alveolarVelarGlottal
Nasal mn ~ lŋ
Stop / Affricate p   t   k   ʔ
Affricate ts   tsʰ   tʃʰ
Fricative sʃh

Rimes


The Yong'an dialect has a rich set of oral and nasal vowels, but allows only -m and -ŋ as a final consonant.

Open syllableNasal codaNasal vowel coda
Open mouth ɹ̩ i a ɔ o ø e ɯ aɯ ɔu m am ɔm ãŋ ẽĩŋ ã õ
Even mouth i ia iɔ iø ie iɯ iau iam iẽĩŋ ĩ iã iõ
Closed mouth u uɔ ue ui um uẽĩŋ
Round mouth y ya ye yi ym yẽĩŋ

Tones


The tones are:

Middle Chinese tone
level rising departing entering
upper 53213513
lower 3243(> lower rising)

Tone sandhi


The Yong'an dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:

Tone sandhi of first syllable
Original citation tone Tone sandhi
upper level lower level
lower level remain unchanged
upper rising lower level
lower rising upper rising
departing remain unchanged
entering high level (55)

References





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