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ǁXegwi, also known as Batwa, is an extinct ǃKwi language spoken at Lake Chrissie in South Africa, near the Swazi border. The last known speaker, Jopi Mabinda, was murdered in 1988.[2] However, a reporter for the South African newspaper Mail & Guardian reports that ǁXegwi may still be spoken in the Chrissiesmeer district.[3]

ǁXegwi
Region	South Africa
Ethnicity	Tlou-tle
Extinct	1988, with the death of Jopi Mabinda[1]
Language family	Tuu ǃKwi ǁXegwi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xeg
Glottolog	xegw1238
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The ǁXegwi name for their language has been spelled giǁkwi꞉gwi or kiǁkwi꞉gwi. Their name for themselves has been transcribed tlou tle or kxlou-kxle, presumably [k͡ʟ̝̊ouk͡ʟ̝̊e]. The Nguni (Zulu and Swazi) called them (a)batwa, amaNkqeshe, amaNgqwigqwi; the Sotho called them Baroa/Barwa.[4]

Phonology

ǁXegwi lost the abrupt clicks (the various manners of ǂ and ǃ) found in its relatives. It reacquired ǃ from Nguni Bantu languages, but clicks remained relatively infrequent, compared to other Tuu languages. It also had a series of uvular plosives not found in other Tuu languages.[5]

Pulmonic and ejective consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Uvular	Glottal
			central	lateral		central	lateral
Nasal		m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	voiced	b	d		ɟ	ɡ		ɢ
	tenuis	p	t			k		q	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		cʰ	kʰ	k͡ʟ̝̊ʰ	qʰ
	ejective		tʼ		cʼ	kʷʼ		qʼ
Affricate	voiceless		ts tx	tɬ	tʃ	kx	k͡ʟ̝̊
	aspirated				tʃʰ
	voiced		dz		dʒ
	ejective		tsʼ		tʃʼ	kxʼ	k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ɬ	ʃ	x			h
	voiced	β	z	ɮ	ʒ				ɦ
Sonorant			r	l	j	w

Lingual consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar
				central	lateral
Nasal	modal	ᵑʘ	ᵑǀ	ᵑǃ	ᵑǁ
	glottalized		ᵑǀˀ	ᵑǃˀ	ᵑǁˀ
	murmured	ᵑʘʱ	ᵑǀʱ	ᵑǃʱ	ᵑǁʱ
Plosive	voiced		ᶢǀ	ᶢǃ	ᶢǁ
	aspirated		ᵏǀʰ	ᵏǃʰ	ᵏǁʰ
	tenuis	ᵏʘ	ᵏǀ	ᵏǃ	ᵏǁ
Affricate	tenuis	ᵏʘx	ᵏǀx	ᵏǃx	ᵏǁx
	ejective	ᵏʘxʼ	ᵏǀxʼ	ᵏǃxʼ	ᵏǁxʼ

Oral and Nasal vowels

	Front	Back
High	i ĩ	u ũ
Mid	e	o
Low	a ã

Pharyngealized vowels[6]

	Front	Back
High	ḭ ḭː	ṵ ṵː
Mid	ḛ	o̰
Low	a̰ a̰ː

References

External links

• ǁXegwi basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

На других языках

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- [en] ǁXegwi language

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[it] Lingua ǁxegwi

La lingua ǁxegwi è una lingua estinta un tempo parlata nell'Africa sudorientale (Repubblica Sudafricana, nelle vicinanze del confine con lo Swaziland), appartenente alla famiglia delle lingue khoisan.[1]

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