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Zanabazar's square script is a horizontal Mongolian square script (Mongolian: Хэвтээ Дөрвөлжин бичиг, Khevtee Dörvöljin bichig or Mongolian: Хэвтээ Дөрвөлжин Үсэг, Khevtee Dörvöljin Üseg),[1] an abugida developed by the monk and scholar Zanabazar to write Mongolian. It can also be used to write Tibetan and Sanskrit.[2][3]
| Zanabazar's square script 𑨢𑨆𑨏𑨳𑨋𑨆𑨬𑨳 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Script type | Abugida
|
| Creator | Zanabazar |
Time period | unknown |
| Direction | left-to-right  |
| Languages | Mongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Egyptian hieroglyphs?
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Zanb (339), Zanabazar Square (Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg, Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig, Horizontal Square Script) |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Zanabazar Square |
Unicode range |
|
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon. | |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| The Brahmic script and its descendants |
It was re-discovered in 1801 and the script's applications during the period of its use are not known. It was also largely based on the Tibetan alphabet, read left to right, and employed vowel diacritics above and below the consonant letters.[1]
Letters
Vowels
| Type | Letter | Name | XML entity | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vowel | 𑨀 | A | 𑨀 | |
| Vowel sign | 𑨁 | I | 𑨁 | |
| 𑨂 | UE | 𑨂 | ||
| 𑨃 | U | 𑨃 | ||
| 𑨄 | E | 𑨄 | ||
| 𑨅 | OE | 𑨅 | ||
| 𑨆 | O | 𑨆 | ||
| 𑨇 | AI | 𑨇 | or '-I' | |
| 𑨈 | AU | 𑨈 | or '-U' | |
| 𑨉 | REVERSED I | 𑨉 | for Sanskrit | |
| Vowel length mark | 𑨊 | VOWEL LENGTH MARK | 𑨊 |
Consonants
| Letter | Name | XML entity | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 𑨋 | KA | 𑨋 | |
| 𑨌 | KHA | 𑨌 | |
| 𑨍 | GA | 𑨍 | |
| 𑨎 | GHA | 𑨎 | |
| 𑨏 | NGA | 𑨏 | |
| 𑨐 | CA | 𑨐 | |
| 𑨑 | CHA | 𑨑 | |
| 𑨒 | JA | 𑨒 | |
| 𑨓 | NYA | 𑨓 | |
| 𑨔 | TTA | 𑨔 | |
| 𑨕 | TTHA | 𑨕 | |
| 𑨖 | DDA | 𑨖 | |
| 𑨗 | DDHA | 𑨗 | |
| 𑨘 | NNA | 𑨘 | |
| 𑨙 | TA | 𑨙 | |
| 𑨚 | THA | 𑨚 | |
| 𑨛 | DA | 𑨛 | |
| 𑨜 | DHA | 𑨜 | |
| 𑨝 | NA | 𑨝 | |
| 𑨞 | PA | 𑨞 | |
| 𑨟 | PHA | 𑨟 | |
| 𑨠 | BA | 𑨠 | or instead of non-initial 𑨭 VA |
| 𑨡 | BHA | 𑨡 | |
| 𑨢 | MA | 𑨢 | |
| 𑨣 | TSA | 𑨣 | |
| 𑨤 | TSHA | 𑨤 | |
| 𑨥 | DZA | 𑨥 | |
| 𑨦 | DZHA | 𑨦 | |
| 𑨧 | ZHA | 𑨧 | |
| 𑨨 | ZA | 𑨨 | |
| 𑨩 | -A | 𑨩 | Mongolian AANG, Tibetan A-CHUNG |
| 𑨪 | YA | 𑨪 | |
| 𑨫 | RA | 𑨫 | |
| 𑨬 | LA | 𑨬 | |
| 𑨭 | VA | 𑨭 | |
| 𑨮 | SHA | 𑨮 | |
| 𑨯 | SSA | 𑨯 | |
| 𑨰 | SA | 𑨰 | |
| 𑨱 | HA | 𑨱 | |
| 𑨲 | KSSA | 𑨲 |
Others
| Type | Letter | Name | XML entity | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final consonant mark | 𑨳 | FINAL CONSONANT MARK | 𑨳 | |
| Virama | 𑨴 | VIRAMA | 𑨴 | for Sanskrit and Tibetan |
| Candrabindu | 𑨵 | CANDRABINDU | 𑨵 | |
| 𑨶 | CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT | 𑨶 | often with 𑨿 | |
| 𑨷 | CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT | 𑨷 | often with 𑨿 | |
| Anusvara | 𑨸 | ANUSVARA | 𑨸 | for Sanskrit |
| Visarga | 𑨹 | VISARGA | 𑨹 | for Sanskrit |
| Cluster Letter | 𑨺 | CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA | 𑨺 | for Tibetan, initial form of 𑨫 |
| 𑨻 | CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER YA | 𑨻 | for Tibetan, final form of 𑨪 | |
| 𑨼 | CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER RA | 𑨼 | for Tibetan, final form of 𑨫 | |
| 𑨽 | CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER LA | 𑨽 | for Tibetan, final form of 𑨬 | |
| 𑨾 | CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER VA | 𑨾 | for Tibetan, final form of 𑨭 | |
| Head Mark | 𑨿 | INITIAL HEAD MARK | 𑨿 | |
| 𑩀 | CLOSING HEAD MARK | 𑩀 | ||
| Punctuation | 𑩁 | MARK TSHEG | 𑩁 | |
| 𑩂 | MARK SHAD | 𑩂 | ||
| 𑩃 | MARK DOUBLE SHAD | 𑩃 | ||
| 𑩄 | MARK LONG TSHEG | 𑩄 | ||
| Head Mark | 𑩅 | INITIAL DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK | 𑩅 | |
| 𑩆 | DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK | 𑩆 | ||
| Subjoiner | 𑩇 | SUBJOINER | 𑩇 | for producing consonant conjuncts |
Unicode
"Zanabazar Square" has been included in the Unicode Standard since the release of Unicode version 10.0 in June 2017. The Zanabazar Square block contains 72 characters.[4]
The Unicode block for Zanabazar Square is U+11A00–U+11A4F:
| Zanabazar Square[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+11A0x | 𑨀 | 𑨁 | 𑨂 | 𑨃 | 𑨄 | 𑨅 | 𑨆 | 𑨇 | 𑨈 | 𑨉 | 𑨊 | 𑨋 | 𑨌 | 𑨍 | 𑨎 | 𑨏 |
| U+11A1x | 𑨐 | 𑨑 | 𑨒 | 𑨓 | 𑨔 | 𑨕 | 𑨖 | 𑨗 | 𑨘 | 𑨙 | 𑨚 | 𑨛 | 𑨜 | 𑨝 | 𑨞 | 𑨟 |
| U+11A2x | 𑨠 | 𑨡 | 𑨢 | 𑨣 | 𑨤 | 𑨥 | 𑨦 | 𑨧 | 𑨨 | 𑨩 | 𑨪 | 𑨫 | 𑨬 | 𑨭 | 𑨮 | 𑨯 |
| U+11A3x | 𑨰 | 𑨱 | 𑨲 | 𑨳 | 𑨴 | 𑨵 | 𑨶 | 𑨷 | 𑨸 | 𑨹 | 𑨺 | 𑨻 | 𑨼 | 𑨽 | 𑨾 | 𑨿 |
| U+11A4x | 𑩀 | 𑩁 | 𑩂 | 𑩃 | 𑩄 | 𑩅 | 𑩆 | 𑩇 | ||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
Reference
- Pandey, Anshuman (2015-12-03). "L2/15-337: Proposal to Encode the Zanabazar Square Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
- Shagdarsürüng, Tseveliin (2001). ""Study of Mongolian Scripts (Graphic Study or Grammatology). Enl."". Bibliotheca Mongolica: Monograph 1.
- Bareja-Starzyńska, Agata; Byambaa Ragchaa (2012). ""Notes on the Pre-existences of the First Khalkha Jetsundampa Zanabazar according to His Biography Written in the Horizontal Square Script."". Rocznik Orientalistyczny 1.
- "Unicode 10.0.0". Unicode Consortium. June 20, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
See also
- Mongolian writing systems
- ʼPhags-pa script
External links
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