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Shuar, which literally means "people", also known by such (now derogatory) terms as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, or Xivaro, is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (February 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,101 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Idioma shuar]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|es|Idioma shuar}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Shuar
Shiwar chicham
Native to	Ecuador
Ethnicity	Shuar
Native speakers	35,000 (2007)[1]
Language family	Chicham Shuar
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Ecuador
Language codes
ISO 639-3	jiv
Glottolog	shua1257
ELP	Shuar

History

Twelve Indigenous languages of Ecuador are spoken today, one of which is Shuar.[2] For the past four decades, the Shuar language has been noted for its link with several political groups.

The name “Shuar” shared among the people and their language was first revealed to the Spaniards in the 17th century. The Shuar language, as it stands today, is considered part of the Jivaroan language tree, and embodies one of the most well-known tribal groups in the Amazonian jungle region.[3]

Radio schools

The geographical remoteness within the Ecuadorian rainforest isolates the Shuar and has widely scattered the people from one another. As a result, in the late 1960s, radio schools were formed to promote communication and education in both Spanish and Shuar.[2] This inadvertently transformed into a language revitalization initiative for the Shuar people. Radio schools were shut down in 2001 and replaced with formal bilingual in-class teaching.[2]

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p	t		k
Affricate		t͡s	t͡ʃ
Fricative		s	ʃ	h
Trill		r
Semivowel	w		j

Vowels/Nasals

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i   ĩ	ɨ   ɨ̃	u   ũ
Open		a   ã

Literature

The Constitution of Ecuador has been translated in its entirety into the Shuar language. Its official name in Shuar is Ecuador Nunka Umíktin Umpuarma.[4]

Sample text

The following text is an official translation of part of Article 2 of the Constitution of Ecuador which stipulates the language policy of the State.[4]

Akánu 2.- ... Ecuador nunkanmanka apach chicham máshi chicháji; apach chicham, kichwa chicham, nuyá shuar chicham másh chichaktiniaiti anturnaikiatai tusar. Chíkich Tarimiat aents chichamen chichainia nuka núumtak nii nunkénink, chichasartatui, umiktin tana nuna umiak, chicham menkakaink tusa ii nunké arantuk, chichaktinian émtikiattui.

Translation in English: "Article 2.- ... Spanish is Ecuador's official language; Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages for intercultural ties. The other ancestral languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas where they live and in accordance with the terms set forth by law. The State shall respect and encourage their preservation and use."

References

• Turner, Glen D. (1958): "Alternative phonemicizing in Jivaro", in International Journal of American Linguistics 24, 2, pp. 87–94.

External links

• Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Shuar". World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Shuar
• Shuar Language Guide
• The Bible in Shuar

На других языках

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- [en] Shuar language

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[es] Idioma shuar

El shuar o shuar-chicham es un idioma hablado en Ecuador. Se habla en la zona suroriental del Ecuador, donde se asientan comunidades indígenas shuar y está muy cercanamente emparentado con el huambisa del Perú. Aunque el grupo étnico shuar supera los 80 mil miembros, sólo unos 35 mil siguen usando la lengua y es en Ecuador donde habitan la gran mayoría de dicha etnia.

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[fr] Shuar (langue)

Le shuar (ou jivaro) est une langue jivaro parlée en Équateur sur les pentes orientales des Andes, dans les provinces de Zamora-Chinchipe et de Morona-Santiago par les Shuar. Quelques locuteurs se trouvent au Pérou[2].

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[ru] Шуар (язык)

Шуар (Chiwaro, «Jibaro», Jivaro, Shuar, Shuara, Xivaro) — небольшой индейский хиварский язык, один из языков (по другой классификации диалект), на котором говорит народность шуары, который проживает между реками Мараньон и Пастаса, в провинциях Морона-Сантьяго и Пастаса, восточнее города Куэнка, в Эквадоре. Согласно статье № 2 Конституции Эквадора 2008 года, шуар является уставным языком провинциальной идентичности в провинции Морона-Сантьяго.

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