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Atsina, or Gros Ventre (also known as Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe and A’ani),[3] was the ancestral language of the Gros Ventre people of Montana. The last fluent speaker died in 2007,[1] though revitalization efforts are underway.

Gros Ventre
'ɔ'ɔ́ɔ́ɔ́naakíit'ɔ
Native to	United States
Region	Montana
Ethnicity	Gros Ventre
Extinct	2007, with the death of Theresa Lamebull[1]
Revival	45 self-identified speakers as of 2009-2013[2]
Language family	Algic Algonquian Arapahoan Gros Ventre
Official status
Official language in	United States ( Fort Belknap Indian Community, MT)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ats
Glottolog	gros1243
ELP	Gros Ventre
Historical extent of the language
Gros Ventre is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

History

Atsina is the name applied by specialists in Algonquian linguistics. Arapaho and Atsina are dialects of a common language usually designated by scholars as "Arapaho-Atsina". Historically, this language had five dialects, and on occasion specialists add a third dialect name to the label, resulting in the designation, "Arapaho-Atsina-Nawathinehena".[1] Compared with Arapaho proper, Gros Ventre had three additional phonemes /tʲ/, /ts/, /kʲ/, and /bʲ/, and lacked the velar fricative /x/.

Theresa Lamebull taught the language at Fort Belknap College (now Aaniiih Nakoda College), and helped develop a dictionary using the Phraselator when she was 109.[4]

As of 2012, the White Clay Immersion School at Aaniiih Nakoda College was teaching the language to 26 students, up from 11 students in 2006.[3][5]

Phonology

Consonants

		Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	plain	b ⟨b⟩		t ⟨t⟩		k ⟨k⟩	ʔ ⟨’⟩
	palatalized	bʲ ⟨bʸ⟩		tʲ ⟨tʸ⟩		kʲ ⟨kʸ⟩
Fricative			θ ⟨3⟩	s ⟨s⟩			h ⟨h⟩
Affricate				ts ⟨c⟩	tʃ ⟨č⟩
Nasal				n ⟨n⟩
Approximant		w ⟨w⟩			j ⟨y⟩

Vowels

	Short	Long
Close	ɪ ⟨i⟩	iː ⟨ii⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩	eː ⟨ee⟩
Back	ɔ ⟨o⟩	oː ⟨oo⟩
	ʊ ⟨u⟩	uː ⟨uu⟩

[6]

Notes

References

• Mithun, Marianne (1999). The languages of native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521298759.

Further reading

• Malainey, Mary E. (2005). "The Gros Ventre/Fall Indians in historical and archaeological interpretation" (PDF). The Canadian Journal of Native Studies. Brandon, MB: Brandon University. 25 (1): 155–183. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
• Capriccioso, Rob (9 October 2007). "The Phraselator II". The American Magazine. American Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
• Hays Public School; Lodge Pole Public School (1980). A Basic Guide in Tri-Lingual Education in Gros Ventre and Assiniboine (PDF). Hays, MT: United States Department of Education. ERIC ED324172. Retrieved 23 July 2022.

External links

• Native Languages of the Americas: Gros Ventre (Ahe, Ahahnelin, Aane, Atsina)
• Gros Ventre Language Word Sets, Fort Belknap College
• Gros Ventre Dictionary
• OLAC Record entry for Gros Ventre

На других языках

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- [en] Gros Ventre language

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[fr] Atsina (langue)

L’atsina', aussi appelé gros-ventre ou aaniiih, est une langue algonquienne des Plaines, anciennement parlée aux États-Unis, dans la réserve indienne de Fort Belknap (en) dans le centre du Montana.

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[it] Lingua gros ventre

La lingua gros ventre o atsina (anche conosciuta come ananin, ahahnelin, ahe oppure a'ani)[1]) è il linguaggio ancestrale (oggi estinto) dei Gros Ventre, popolazione stanziata nel Montana. L'ultimo locutore che parlava fluentemente la lingua è scomparso nel 1981.[2]

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[ru] Гро-вантр

Гро-вантр (Ahahnelin, Ahe, Ananin, Atsina, Fall Indians, Gros Ventre, Gros Ventres, White Clay People) — мёртвый язык, на котором раньше говорили гровантры, которые проживают на реке Милк индейской резервации Форт-Белнап на севере центральной части штата Монтана в США. Последний свободно говорящий на языке человек умер в 1981 году. В настоящее время народ гровантры говорит на английском языке.

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