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Puelche was a language formerly spoken by the Puelche people in the Pampas region of Argentina. The language is also known as Gününa Küne, Gennaken (Guenaken), Northern Tehuelche, Gününa Yajich, Ranquelche, and Pampa.

Puelche
Gennaken
Gününa Küne
Native to	Argentina
Region	Río Negro
Extinct	1934[1] with the death of Trruúlmani
Language family	Chonan † ? Puelche–Het † ? Puelche
Language codes
ISO 639-3	pue
Glottolog	puel1244
ELP	Gününa-Küne
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Classification

Puelche has long been considered a language isolate. Based on very limited evidence, Viegas Barros (1992) suggests that Puelche might be closely related to the language of the Querandí, one of the Het peoples, and Viegas Barros (2005) that it is related to the Chon languages.[2] Further afield, inclusion in a putative Macro-Jibaro family has been posited.

Phonology

Vowels

Puelche has 7 vowels:[3]

	Front	Back
	Unrounded	Unrounded	Rounded
Close	i	ɯ	u
Close-mid	e	ɤ	o
Open-mid		ʌ
Open	a

A short sounding /e/ is realized as [ɛ].

Consonants

Puelche has 25 consonants:[3][4]

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k	q	ʔ
	ejective	pʼ	tʼ			kʼ	(qʼ)
	voiced	b	d			ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s	t͡ʂ	t͡ʃ
	ejective		t͡sʼ	t͡ʂʼ	t͡ʃʼ
Fricative			s	ʂ	ʃ	x		h
Lateral	voiceless		ɬ
	voiced		l		ʎ
Rhotic	trill		r
	tap		ɾ
Semivowel					j	w

It is not clear if there is a uvular ejective stop [qʼ].

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Gennaken.[5]

gloss	Gennaken
one	chéye
two	päch
ear	chütsk
tooth	xaye
hand	yapal
foot	yapgit
sun	apiúkük
moon	apioxok
dog	dáshü

Bibliography

Casamiquela, Rodolfo M. (1983). Nociones de gramática del gününa küne. Paris: French National Centre for Scientific Research.

Adelaar, Willem (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.

See also

• Boreal Pehuelche

References

External links

• Gününa Küne language dictionary online from IDS (select simple or advanced browsing)
• WALS: Puelche
• Gününa Küne (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

На других языках

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- [en] Puelche language

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[es] Idioma gününa këna

El idioma de los gününa-küne (a veces llamado puelche) (autoglotónimo: gününa yajïč pronunciado [gɨnɨn a jaxətʃ]/ o gününa iajëch) fue hablado por los gününa-küne (a veces llamados puelches), un pueblo nómada de la actual Patagonia argentina y los valles cordilleranos del sur de Chile.

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[fr] Gününa yajich

Le gününa yajich (ou gennaken, pampa) est une langue chon parlée en Argentine, dans la région de Patagonie par les Gennaken. La langue avait comme voisin, au Sud, le teushen[1].

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[ru] Пуэльче (язык)

Пуэ́льче (также: гынына-кынэ) — мёртвый язык, распространённый ранее среди народа пуэльче, проживавшего в ряде районов аргентинской Патагонии и нескольких долинах юга современного Чили. Также известен как гынына-яхэч, гынына-кынэ, геннакен, северный теуэльче. Справочник Ethnologue классифицирует пуэльче как мёртвый язык. Последняя носительница по имени Трруульмани (Trruúlmani) умерла в 1934 г.[1]. Вероятно, родственен чонским языкам (Вьегас Баррос). Ранее пуэльче относили к языкам-изолятам. Согласно другой гипотезе входит в состав предполагаемой семьи макро--хиваро.

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