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Pumpokol is one of the Yeniseian languages. It has been extinct since the 18th century. Along with Arin, it shares many features with the ancient Xiongnu and Jie languages, and according to Alexander Vovin, Edward Vajda, and Étienne de la Vaissière, is closely related to them.[1][2]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (November 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,630 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Пумпокольский язык]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ru|Пумпокольский язык}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Pumpokol
Native to	Russia
Extinct	18th century
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Yeniseian Southern Yeniseian Arin–Pumpokol Pumpokol
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xpm
Linguist List	xpm
Glottolog	pump1237

Pumpokol is notable among the Yeniseian languages in that the phoneme /s/ is often substituted for /t/. This idiosyncrasy of Pumpokol seems to be shared with Jie, suggesting that Jie is more closely related to Pumpokol than other Yeniseian languages. For example the Jie word kot 'catch' seems to be a cognate with the Ket word 'qos', having the same sound change.[2]

Moreover, this aforementioned characteristic of Pumpokol has been used by Vajda to demonstrate that Yeniseian-derived hydronyms in northern Mongolia (the southernmost known extent of Yeniseian influence) are exclusively Pumpokolic.[2] Since the Jie, as a tribe of the Xiongnu, are likely to have come from the same area, rather than further north, this finding lends credence to the possibility that Jie is a Pumpokolic language.

Reference list

External links

• Pumpokol basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

На других языках

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- [en] Pumpokol language

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[fr] Poumpokole

Le poumpokole est une langue paléo-sibérienne de la famille des langues ienisseïennes parlée en Sibérie jusqu'à la fin du XIXe siècle.

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[ru] Пумпокольский язык

Пумпокольский язык — язык енисейской семьи. Вышел из употребления во второй половине XVIII в. Был распространён в верховье р. Кеть. Пумпокольские гидронимы на -tet (*tet — река) занимают значительную территорию: верховье Кети, бассейн Чулыма ниже города Асино, отдельные названия этого типа уходят цепочкой на юг и юго-восток вплоть до Северо-Восточной Тувы. Пумпокольский язык наиболее близок аринскому языку.

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