lingvo.wikisort.org - Language
The Twana (təw'ánəxʷ) language, also known as Skokomish from one of the tribes that spoke it, belongs to the Salishan family of Native American languages. It is believed by some elders within the Skokomish community (such as Bruce Subiyay Miller) that the language branched off from Lushootseed (dxwəlšucid) because of the region-wide tradition of not speaking the name of someone who died for a year after their death. Substitute words were found in their place and often became normalizing in the community, generating differences from one community to the next. Subiyay speculated that this process increased the drift rate between languages and separated Twana firmly from xwəlšucid (Lushootseed).
| Twana | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | East of Puget Sound, Washington state |
| Ethnicity | 350 Twana (1977)[1] |
| Extinct | 1980[1] |
Language family | Salishan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | twa |
| Glottolog | twan1247 |
The last fluent speaker died in 1980.[1]
The name "Skokomish" comes from the Twana sqʷuqʷúʔbəš, also spelled sqWuqWu'b3sH, and meaning "river people" or "people of the river".[2][3][4]
tuwaduqutSid directly translated mean 'Twana Language' as where English would be past3dutSid which means 'English language'.
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | lateral | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p | t | ts | tʃ | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||
| voiced | b | d | d͡z[lower-alpha 1] | d͡ʒ[lower-alpha 1] | ɡ[lower-alpha 1] | ɡʷ[lower-alpha 1] | |||||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | x[lower-alpha 2] | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h | |||
| Sonorant | plain | m | n | l | j | w | |||||
| glottalized | ˀm | ˀl | ˀj | ˀw | |||||||
- Found in loan words.
- The sound [x] is disputed to be a main sound.
Vowel sounds present are [e ɛ ə o a].
See also
References
- Twana at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Bright, William (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
- Wray, Jacilee (2003). "Skokomish: Twana Descendants". Native Peoples of the Olympic Peninsula: Who We Are. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8061-3552-6. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
- The Skokomish Tribal Nation
- Drachman, Gaberell (1969). Twana Phonology. Department of Linguistics, Ohio State University.
External links
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На других языках
- [en] Twana language
[fr] Twana
Le twana, aussi appelé skokomish (sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq en twana), est une langue salish de la côte centrale qui était parlée par les Twana (sqʷuqʷúʔbəš) à l’est du Puget Sound dans l’État de Washington. Elle s’est éteinte en 1980[1].[ru] Твана (язык)
Твана (Skokomish, Twana) — мёртвый индейский язык, принадлежащий салишской языковой семье, на котором раньше говорили скокомиши, которые проживают к востоку от города Пьюджет-Саунд штата Вашингтон в США. Также имеет диалекты кильсене и скокомиш. Последний говорящий на языке умер в 1980 году. В настоящее время говорят на английском языке.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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