Worimi (also spelt Warrimay), or Gadjang (also spelt Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang, Gathang) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is the traditional language of the Worimi people, whose descendants now speak English. Work has started on revitalising the language with a dictionary and TAFE course in Gathang.[3]
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Classification
Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around Sydney, New South Wales.[4]
Worimi is most closely related to Awabakal, in the Yuin–Kuric group of Pama–Nyungan.
Bowern (2011) considers Gadjang, Worimi, and Birrpayi to be separate languages.[citation needed]
Phonology
Vowels
Front
Back
High
ɪ iːi ii
ʊ uːu uu
Low
ə aːa aa
There is also the diphthong "ay", pronounced [aj].
Consonants
Bilabial
Velar
Dental
Palatal
Alveolar
Voiceless Stop
pp
k k
t̪ th
c tj
t t
Voiced Stop
b b
g g
d̪ dh
ɟ dj
d d
Nasal
mm
ŋng
n̪nh
ɲny/yn
nn
Lateral
ll
Approximant
ww
jy
ɹ~ɾ r
Flap/Trill
ɾ~r rr
Within the orthography, both voiceless and voiced stops are written, words begin with voiced stops only and only voiced stops may occur in consonant clusters or suffixes. There is some inconsistency in the orthography to choice of stop intervocalically, the dictionary/grammar written by Amanda Lissarrague prescribes voiceless stops intervocalically, but this is violated many times such as in magu - axe. The phonemes /p/ and /b/ may contrast, such as gaparr - baby, boy, and gabarr - head. This is unclear.
There is some evidence of a merger of the dental and palatal stops/nasals, with free variation existing in many words, such as djinggarr~dhinggarr - silver, grey.
At the end of a word, a nasal may also be pronounced as its corresponding stop. (E.g. bakan~bakat - rock).
Enright, W. J. (1900). "The Language, Weapons and Manufactures of the Aborigines of Port Stephens, N.S.W.". Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 34: 103–188.
Holmer, Nils M. (1966). An Attempt towards a Comparative Grammar of Two Australian Languages. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
Lissarrague, Amanda (2010). A grammar and dictionary of Gathang: The language of the Birrbay, Guringay and Warrimay. Nambucca Heads, N.S.W.: Muurrbay Aboriginal Language & Culture Co-operative.
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