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Brazilian Sign Language (Portuguese: Língua Brasileira de Sinais [ˈlĩɡwɐ bɾaziˈlejɾɐ dʒi siˈnajs]) is the sign language used by deaf communities of urban Brazil. It is also known in short as Libras (pronounced [ˈlibɾɐs]) and variously abbreviated as LSB, LGB or LSCB (Língua de Sinais das Cidades Brasileiras; "Brazilian Cities Sign Language").[3]

Brazilian Sign Language
Libras
Native to	Brazil and Brazilian diaspora
Region	Urban areas
Native speakers	630,000 (2021)[1]
Language family	Language isolate?[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bzs
Glottolog	braz1236
ELP	Língua Brasileira de Sinais

Recognition and status

Brazilian Sign Language is well-established; several dictionaries, instructional videos and a number of articles on the linguistic features of the language have been published. It has dialects across Brazil reflecting regional and sociocultural differences.

A strong sign language law was passed by the National Congress of Brazil on April 24, 2002, and (in 2005) is in the process of being implemented.[4] The law mandates the use of Brazilian Sign Language in education and government services.

Educational approaches have evolved from oralism to Total Communication and bilingualism.

In addition to being recognized nationally since 2002,[5][6] Libras has also been made official at the municipal level in Belo Horizonte,[7][8] Curitiba[9][10] and Salvador.[11] In Rio de Janeiro, the teaching of Libras was made official in the curriculum of the municipal school system.[12][13]

April 24th was made official as the National Day of Brazilian Sign Language.[14][15][16]

Alphabet

Libras fingerspelling uses a one-handed manual alphabet similar to that used by the French Sign Language family.[17]

There are 44 distinct handshapes used in the language.[3]

Writing

Sutton SignWriting is the dominant writing system in Brazil.[18] A master's in linguistics dissertation titled "A arte de escrever em Libras" by Gabriela Otaviani Barbosa found that SignWriting is used in 18 Federal Universities and in 12 public schools in Brazil.[19][20]

Historical efforts were commonly transcribed using Portuguese words, written in upper case, to stand for each equivalent Libras morpheme.[21]

Transcription of Libras signs using SignWriting has been in place since at least 1997 with the SignNet Project in Porto Alegre and Fernando Capovilla's dictionaries in São Paulo. The University of Santa Catarina at Florianopolis (UFSC) has required courses in SignWriting as the preferred form of LIBRAS transcription.

SignWriting is cited as being useful in the pedagogy of young children.[22]

The Federal University of Santa Catarina has accepted a dissertation written in Brazilian Sign Language using Sutton SignWriting for a master's degree in linguistics. The dissertation "A escrita de expressões não manuais gramaticais em sentenças da Libras pelo Sistema signwriting" by João Paulo Ampessan states that "the data indicate the need for [non-manual expressions] usage in writing sign language".[23]

Deaf and sign language organizations

The most important deaf organization is FENEIS, the Federação Nacional de Educação e Integração dos Surdos (National Federation of Deaf Education and Integration). There are a number of regional organizations in Curitiba, Caxias do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul.

Classification

Wittmann (1991)[2] posits that Brazilian Sign Language is a language isolate (a 'prototype' sign language), though one developed through stimulus diffusion from an existing sign language, likely Portuguese Sign Language and/or French Sign Language.

See also

• Ka'apor Sign Language, an unrelated Indigenous sign language of Brazil.

Footnotes

References

• Gama, Flausine José da Costa: Iconographia dos Signaes dos Surdos-Mudos.[Iconography of Signs for the Deaf-Mute]. Rio de Janeiro : E.+H.Laemmert 1875
• Capovilla, F. C., and W. D. Raphael, eds. 2001. Dicionário enciclopédico ilustrado trilíngüe da Língua de Sinais Brasileira: Vols. 1 (Sinais de A a L) & 2 (Sinais de M a Z). [Trilingual illustrated encyclopedic dictionary of Brazilian Sign Language, Vols. 1 and 2] São Paulo: Edusp, FAPESP, Fundação Vitae, Feneis, Brasil Telecom. Volume One: ISBN 85-314-0600-5 Volume Two: ISBN 85-314-0603-X
• de Souza, Guilherme Lourenco. "Verb agreement in Brazilian Sign Language: morphophonology, syntax & semantics." (2018). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: doctoral dissertation.
• Lourenço, Guilherme. "Verb agreement in Brazilian Sign Language: Morphophonology, syntax & semantics." Sign Language & Linguistics 22, no. 2 (2019): 275–281.
• Xavier, André Nogueira and Sherman Wilcox. 2014. Necessity and possibility modals in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). Linguistic Typology 18(3): 449 – 488.

На других языках

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- [en] Brazilian Sign Language

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[fr] Langue des signes brésilienne

La langue des signes brésilienne (en portugais : Língua Brasileira de Sinais, Língua de sinais dos centros urbanos brasileiros ou linguagem das mãos, LSB, LSCB ou Libras), est la langue des signes utilisée par les personnes sourdes et leurs proches des centres urbains du Brésil. Elle n'est pas liée directement à la langue des signes portugaise mais serait plutôt un mélange de signes indigènes et de vieille langue des signes française, elle est aussi différente de la langue des signes urubú-ka'apór parlée par l'ethnie Ka'apór (en) de l'état de Maranhão et des autres langues de signes développées par des tribus amérindiennes isolées[2].

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[it] Lingua dei segni brasiliana

La lingua dei segni brasiliana[2] o Libras (in portoghese Língua brasileira de sinais o Língua gestual de Brasil) è una delle lingue dei segni utilizzate in Brasile. Deriva da forme di comunicazione usate dai sordi locali e dalla lingua dei segni francese, fatta conoscere attraverso il professore sordo Eduard Huet[3], che nel 1856 giunse in Brasile portando con sé l'alfabeto manuale francese e alcuni segni.[4][5]

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