lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Eastern Herzegovinian dialect (,[1][2] Serbo-Croatian: istočnohercegovački / источнохерцеговачки or istočnohercegovačko-krajiški / источнохерцеговачко-крајишки) is the most widespread subdialect of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian, both by territory and the number of speakers. It is the dialectal basis for all modern literary Serbo-Croatian standards: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin (the latter only partially codified).
Subdialect of Serbo-Croatian
Eastern Herzegovinian |
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Language family | |
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Standard forms | |
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ISO 639-3 | – |
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Glottolog | None |
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Eastern Herzegovinian (yellow) is the most widespread Shtokavian dialect, though it is not native to the capitals of any of the five republics where it is official. The map represents the extent of Eastern Herzegovinian according to Pavle Ivić, with the addition of a small community in Slovenia. |
Distribution
It covers large areas of Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro. It is also spoken in four villages in White Carniola, Slovenia (Miliči, Bojanci, Marindol and Paunoviči), the inhabitants of which are descendants of Uskoks. It is composed of two larger zones that are territorially separated:
- Southeastern zone, where it originated from (eastern Herzegovina, western Montenegro, western Serbia, eastern Bosnia, Posavinan Podrinje)
- Northwestern zone (western and northwestern Bosnia, northern Dalmatia with Gorski Kotar, narrower strips of Croatia, parts of Slavonia and Baranja, White Carniola and Žumberak)
As can be seen from the map, the southeastern zone is territorially compact and continuous, while the northwestern zone is broken, discontinuous and interspersed with areas where other Shtokavian dialects are spoken.
Being spoken on such a large area, Eastern Herzegovinian comes into contact with all of the other Shtokavian dialects, except those of the Prizren-Timok zone, and also on northwest with the dialects of two other Western South Slavic (Croatian) dialects: Chakavian and Kajkavian. It is also spoken in a few enclaves on Chakavian and Kajkavian areas, and in several contact points it borders with Slovene dialects. On the north it borders with Hungary, where it is also spoken in a few enclaves along the border near Danube, as well as on the outskirts of Budapest.[3]
On the south this dialect covers the area between the river of Neretva and River Dubrovačka inlet, the area of Dubrovnik and Dubrovnikan littoral, eastern half of the Pelješac peninsula, the island of Mljet, Konavle and Herzegovinian area, along the Adriatic cost all the way to Risno in the Bay of Kotor. On the territory of modern Montenegro it covers Old Herzegovina with Grahovo, northern Plješivica, Župa, Lukovo, Drobnjaci, Uskoci, Rovci, Kolašin and Morača.[4]
During the turbulent period of Bosnian war 1992–1995, marked by large-scale migrations of the native population, Eastern Herzegovinian speeches have spread significantly on the area of Bosnia-Herzegovina. During the Croatian War of Independence 1991–1995 however, the number of Eastern Herzegovinian speakers significantly dropped, following the flight of some 300,000 Croatian Serbs all of whom spoke the dialect. In the post war-period, as the refugees return to their homes, number of speakers at the territory of Croatia has been increasing steadily.[5]
Notes
References
- Lisac, Josip (2003), Hrvatska dijalektologija 1 – Hrvatski dijalekti i govori štokavskog narječja i hrvatski govori torlačkog narječja [Croatian dialectology 1 – Croatian dialects and speeches of the Shtokavian dialect and Croatian speeches of the Torlakian dialect], Zagreb: Golden marketing – Tehnička knjiga, ISBN 953-212-168-4
- Okuka, Miloš (2008), Srpski dijalekti [Serbian dialects], SKD Prosvjeta, ISBN 978-953-7611-06-4
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Literary languages | |
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Dialects | Shtokavian | Old-Shtokavian |
- East Bosnian
- Kosovo–Resava
- Prizren–Timok1
- Smederevo–Vršac
- Slavonian
- Zeta–Raška
- Cetinje–Bar
- Bjelopavlići–Vasojevići
- Ozrinići–Broćanac
- Sjenica–Novi Pazar
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Neo-Shtokavian | |
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Chakavian | |
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Kajkavian |
- Gora
- Križevci–Podravina
- Lower Sutlan
- Prigorje
- Turopolje–Posavina
- Zagor–Međimurje
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Torlakian1 |
- Prizren–South Morava
- Svrljig–Zaplanje (Western Torlakian)
- Timok–Lužnica (Eastern Torlakian)
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Reflexes of *ě |
- Ekavian
- Ijekavian
- Ikavian
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Features | Writing | |
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Other |
- Grammar
- Loanwords
- Phonology
- Relative clauses
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History |
- Illyrian language
- Illyrian movement
- Vienna Literary Agreement
- Novi Sad Agreement
- Declaration on the Common Language
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Literature | |
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Related topics |
- Humac tablet
- Baška tablet
- Codex Marianus
- Vatican Croatian Prayer Book
- Serbian manuscripts
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- 1also considered part of the Shtokavian dialect (as the Prizren–Timok dialect)
- 2also considered part of the Northern Macedonian dialects
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На других языках
- [en] Eastern Herzegovinian dialect
[fr] Herzégovinien oriental
L'herzégovinien oriental (en serbo-croate istočnohercegovački/источнохерцеговачки ou istočnohercegovačko-krajiški/источнохерцеговачко-крајишки) est le sous-dialecte le plus répandu du dialecte chtokavien (et même plus précisément néo-chtokavien) du serbo-croate, aussi bien en termes de territoire que du nombre de locuteurs. Il constitue la base dialectale des quatre standards littéraires modernes du serbo-croate[1] : le bosnien, le croate, le serbe et le monténégrin (ce dernier n'étant que partiellement codifié).
[ru] Восточногерцеговинский диалект
Восточногерцегови́нский диале́кт (также восточногерцеговинская группа говоров, восточногерцеговинско-краинский диалект, новоштокавский иекавкий диалект; хорв. istočnohercegovački dijalekt, istočnohercegovačko-krajiški dijalekt, novoštokavski jekavski dijalekt, серб. источнохерцеговачки дијалекат, источнохерцеговачко-крајишки дијалекат, босн. istočnohercegovački dijalekat, istočnohercegovačko-krajiški dijalekat) — один из трёх новоштокавских диалектов сербохорватского языкового континуума наряду с младоикавским (западным, западногерцеговинско-приморским) и шумадийско-воеводинским. Распространён в центральных, восточных и южных районах Хорватии, в северо-западных и юго-восточных районах Боснии и Герцеговины, в западных районах Сербии, в северо-западных районах Черногории, в Словении (в Белой Краине) и некоторых районах Венгрии[4][5][6]. Наряду с шумадийско-воеводинским диалектом лёг в основу кодификации сербохорватского литературного языка (при этом на восточногерцеговинском диалекте основан западный, или хорватский, вариант литературной нормы с (и)екавским типом произношения)[7][8].
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