lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageRawat (Raute), or "Jangali" (Jungle), is a small Sino-Tibetan language of India. It is spoken in 9 villages north of Askot in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India (Ethnologue) as well as in several villages in Dadeldhura District, Nepal and Darchula District, Nepal.
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
Rawat |
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Native to | India |
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Region | Uttarakhand |
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Ethnicity | Ban Rawats |
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Native speakers | 670 (1998)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | jnl |
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Glottolog | rawa1264 |
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Rawat (pronounced "raut") is a semi-agglutinative language, and features SOV sentences with either monosyllabic or less frequently di-syllabic noun heads and verb stems. Verbs are modified with various particles, including nominalizers, causatives, tense, aspect, person, number and other generally stem final particles. The noun heads have plurals, locatives, deictics, ergatives, reflexives and other generally word-final case markings. Prefixed morphemes similar to adjectives also modify nouns and root-initial voiced/voiceless alternations signal the transitivity of verbs. An example is geda hluw hwã-ha-re (geda=child hluw=bathe hwã=Copula ha=progressive re=present tense) "The child is bathing" (Fortier 2019:139).
Ethnologue (2013) reports that Rawat has borrowed recent loanwords from local Indo-Aryan languages for terms for modern semantic domains (modern house types for example). The exonyms "Rawat", "Raute", and "Raji" all may derive from Indic words referring to "Kings (of the forest)". The people's endonym, name for themselves, is Bat-Tou (in Pithoragarh, India) and Bot-Tho (in Champawat, India) and Bot-Tou (in Dadeldhura, Nepal).
The language Rawat is called Bat-Kha among communities in the Pithoragarh region and Bot-Kha in the Champawat region of Uttarakhand. It is classified by linguists as Rawat (ISO 639-3 jnl; Glottocode Rawa1264).[2][3] It is in the same language sub-group with the languages named Raji spoken in Nepal (ISO 639-3 rji; Glottocode Raji1240) and Raute (ISO 639-3 rau; Glottocode Raut1239) which is also spoken in Nepal. The three languages are currently classified in their own Sino-Tibetan language sub-group called Raji-Raute. This language sub-group shows some affinity to areal Mahakiranti group Himalayish languages such as Kham Magar and Magar Dhut.
References
Sino-Tibetan branches |
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
- West Himalayish
- Tamangic
- Newaric
- Kiranti
- Dhimalish
- Lepcha
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |
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Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border | "Naga" |
- Ao
- Angami–Pochuri
- Meitei
- Tangkhulic
- Zeme
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Sal |
- Boro–Garo
- Konyak
- Jingpho–Luish
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East and Southeast Asia | Burmo-Qiangic |
- Qiangic
- Ersuic
- Naic
- Lolo-Burmese
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
- Hrusish
- Kho-Bwa
- Miju–Meyor
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Proposed groupings |
- Central Tibeto-Burman
- Kuki-Chin–Naga
- Greater Bai
- Mahakiranti
- Rung
- Tibeto-Burman
- Tibeto-Kanauri
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Proto-languages |
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman
- Proto-Loloish
- Proto-Karenic
- Proto-Min
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
Greater Magaric languages |
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Magaric | |
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Chepangic | |
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Raji-Raute | |
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Dura | |
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State of Uttarakhand |
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Government | Executive |
- Governor
- Chief Minister
- Council of Ministers
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Legislature |
- Legislative Assembly
- Speaker
- Leader of the Opposition
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Judiciary |
- High Court
- Chief Justice
- Judges
- Lok Adalat
- Lokayukta
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Departments and agencies |
- Symbols
- Emblem
- Song
- Motto
- Foundation day
- Departments
- Environment and Forests
- Police
- Agencies
- Bar Council
- Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
- Election Commission
- Human Rights Commission
- Information Commission
- Public Service Commission
- Womens' Commission
- Industrial Development Corporation
- Urban Development Directorate
- Waqf Board
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History | Ancient Kingdoms |
- Uttarakuru Kingdom
- Paurava Kingdom
- Khasa Janapada Kingdom
- Himalaya Kingdom
- Parvata Kingdom
- Kirata Kingdom
- Nanda Empire
- Maurya Empire
- Kushan Empire
- Kuninda Kingdom
- Gupta Empire
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Medieval Kingdoms |
- Garhwal Kingdom
- Kumaon Kingdom
- Katyuri dynasty
- Chand dynasty
- Khasa Kingdom
- Raika Kingdom
- Gorkha Kingdom
- Anglo-Nepalese War
- Treaty of Sugauli
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Colonial Uttarakhand | Company rule |
- Ceded and Conquered Provinces
- North-Western Provinces
- Agra Presidency
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Crown rule |
- United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
- United Provinces of British India
- United Provinces
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Contemporary Uttarakhand |
- Rampur Tiraha firing
- Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
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Geography and Ecology | Geological features | Mountains | |
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Plains |
- Bhabar
- Terai
- Doab
- Ganges Basin
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Ecoregions | Highlands |
- Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
- Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
- Himalayan subtropical pine forests
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Lowlands |
- Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
- Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
- Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
- Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
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Demographics | Ethnic groups | Indo-Aryans |
- Garhwalis
- Kumaonis
- Jaunsaris
- Buksas
- Tharus
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Tibeto-Burmans |
- Bhotiyas
- Rajis
- Jads
- Banrawats
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Languages | |
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Administrative divisions | Urban |
- Districts
- Tehsils
- Urban Local Bodies
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Rural |
- Parganas
- Community Development Blocks
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Politics |
- Coolie-Begar movement
- Statehood movement
- Chipko movement
- Elections
- Assembly constituencies
- Parliamentary constituencies
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Tourism | Monuments |
- World Heritage Site
- Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
- Ramsar Wetland
- Monuments of National Importance
- State Protected Monuments
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Chardham Circuit | |
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National Parks |
- Gangotri
- Govind Pashu Vihar
- Jim Corbett
- Nanda Devi
- Rajaji
- Valley of Flowers
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Sports | |
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Other topics |
- Transport
- Char Dham Highway
- Char Dham Railway
- Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
- Music
- Cuisine
- Economy
- Education
- School education
- Higher education
- Awards and decorations
- Uttarakhand Ratna
- Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
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Districts | Kumaon | |
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Garhwal | |
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Proposed districts | |
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Major cities | |
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