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Soo or So is the Kuliak language of the Tepes people of northeastern Uganda. The language is moribund, with most of the population of 5,000 having shifted to Karamojong, and only a few dozen elderly individuals are still able to speak Soo. Soo is divided into three major dialects: Tepes, Kadam (Katam), and Napak (Yog Toŋi).

Soo
Tepes
RegionUganda
Ethnicity5,000 (2007)[1]
Native speakers
50 (2012)[1]
Language family
Nilo-Saharan?
  • Kuliak
    • Soo
Dialects
  • Tepes
  • Kadam
  • Napak
Language codes
ISO 639-3teu
Glottologsooo1256
ELPSoo

There are between 3,000 and 10,000 ethnic Soo people (Carlin 1993). They were historically hunter-gatherers, but have recently shifted to pastoralism and subsistence farming like their Nilotic and Bantu neighbors.[2] Beer (2009: 2) found that most So villages have only one speaker remaining. Thus, the speakers rarely have a chance to active use the Soo language.


Dialects


Soo dialects are spoken on the slopes of the following three mountains in east-central Uganda just to the north of Mount Elgon.[3]

There are fewer than 60 elderly speakers of all three dialects combined.[2]

Carlin (1993: 2-3) notes that there are only minor differences between the Tepes and Kadam dialects, which are mutually intelligible.


Grammar


So grammar has been described by Beer, et al. (2009).[9]

Word order is VSO (verb–subject–object). So has rich verbal morphology.[9]


Pronouns


So nominative and accusative pronouns are:[9]

SingularPlural
1st ajainja/izja
2nd bijabitja
3rd icaiɟa

Interrogatives


So interrogatives are:[9]


Tenses


There are four verb tenses:[9]


Affixes


Some So affixes are:[9]

Singular suffixes are /-at/, /an/, /-ɛn/, and /-it/.

Plural suffixes are /-in/, /-ɛk/, /-ɛz/, /-an/, /-ɛl/, /-ra/, /-ce/, /-ɔt/, and /-e/.


References


  1. Soo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Beer (2009: 1)
  3. Carlin, Eithne. 1993. The So Language. (Afrikanistische Monografien (AMO), 2.) Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln.
  4. Beer (2009: 2)
  5. Carlin (1993: 6)
  6. Carlin (1993: 7-8)
  7. Carlin (1993: 8)
  8. Heine, Bernd. m.s. The So Language of Eastern Uganda.
  9. Beer, Sam, Amber McKinney, Lokiru Kosma 2009. The So Language: A Grammar Sketch. m.s.

На других языках


- [en] Soo language

[fr] Soo (langue)

Le soo (ou so), également appelé tepes (ou tepeth), est une langue parlée dans l'Est de l'Ouganda. Elle appartient à la famille des langues kuliak.

[ru] Соо (язык)

Соо, или тепес (So, Soo, Tepes, Tepeth) — почти исчезнувший кулиакский язык, на котором говорят народы тепес и тепет на границе гор Кадам, Морото, Напак округа Морото на востоке Уганды. Этот язык почти исчез, и большинство из 5000 носителей перешли на язык карамоджонг, только некоторые пожилые взрослые ещё говорят на соо.



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