Tofanma or Tofamna is a poorly documented Papuan language of Indonesia. Wurm (1975) placed it as an independent branch of Trans–New Guinea, but Ross (2005) could not find enough evidence to classify it. It appears to be related to Namla, a neighboring language.
Tofanma | |
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Region | Papua: Keerom Regency, Senggi District, most of Namla, Tofanma Dua, and Tofanma Satu villages |
Native speakers | 250 (2005)[1] |
Language family | Pauwasi
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tlg |
Glottolog | tofa1246 |
ELP | Tofanma |
Tofanma vocabulary from Foley (2018):[2]
gloss | Tofanma |
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‘bird’ | yetai |
‘blood’ | læki |
‘bone’ | da |
‘breast’ | mu |
‘ear’ | kemblale |
‘eat’ | dimisipe |
‘egg’ | li |
‘eye’ | yei |
‘fire’ | ve |
‘give’ | vænə |
‘go’ | wao |
‘ground’ | yai |
‘hair’ | kemblena |
‘hear’ | varli |
‘I’ | ne |
‘leg’ | wukudaʔ |
‘louse’ | bili |
‘man’ | lamle |
‘moon’ | min-yaku |
‘name’ | ame |
‘one’ | kenanu |
‘road, path’ | mæki |
‘see’ | mæsi |
‘sky’ | nəmlo |
‘stone’ | kəlo |
‘sun’ | yaku |
‘tongue’ | kuguku |
‘tooth’ | dimi |
‘tree’ | la |
‘two’ | næni |
‘water’ | basu |
‘we’ | ngu |
‘woman’ | ale |
‘you (sg)’ | wo |
‘you (pl)’ | dule |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),[3][4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
gloss | Tofanma |
---|---|
head | kemble |
hair | kemble-na |
ear | kemb lelu |
eye | jei; yei |
nose | məniti |
tooth | geme |
tongue | goŋgogok |
leg | wanta |
louse | bli |
bird | jetai; yetai |
egg | taili |
blood | leki |
bone | nta |
skin | jefake; yefake |
breast | mo |
tree | kili |
man | lame |
woman | ale |
sun | jaku; yaku |
moon | menti-gaku |
water | basu |
fire | we |
stone | klo |
road, path | meka |
name | emi |
eat | sembe |
one | kenano |
two | neni |
Papuan language families (Palmer 2018 classification) | |||||||||||
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Trans-New Guinea subgroups |
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Eastern Nusantara families and isolates |
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Bird's Head Peninsula families and isolates |
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Northern Western New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
Central Western New Guinea families and isolates |
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Sepik-Ramu basin families and isolates |
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Gulf of Papua and southern New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands families and isolates | |||||||||||
Rossel Island isolate |
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Proposed groupings |
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Proto-language |
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