lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

The Anêm language is a Papuan language spoken in five main villages along the northwestern coast of New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

Anêm
Pronunciation	[anɤm]
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	West New Britain Province
Native speakers	800 (2011)[1]
Language family	West New Britain Anêm
Language codes
ISO 639-3	anz
Glottolog	anem1249
ELP	Anem

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as: KML

External relationships

Anêm may be related to neighboring Ata and possibly to Yélî Dnye. Stebbins et al. state that further data on Anêm and Ata would be useful for exploring the possible connection between them.[2]

Demographics

Anêm is spoken in the following villages of West New Britain Province:

• Malasoŋo (5.528393°S 148.809235°E / -5.528393; 148.809235 (Malasongo)) (where it is spoken alongside Bariai)
• Karaiai (5.45988°S 148.979°E / -5.45988; 148.979 (Karaiai))
• Mosiliki (5.47614°S 149.017°E / -5.47614; 149.017 (Mosiliki))
• Pudêlîŋ (5.49295°S 149.043°E / -5.49295; 149.043 (Pureiling))
• Atiatu (5.49019°S 149.069°E / -5.49019; 149.069 (Atiatu (Gilau))) (where it is spoken alongside Lusi)
• Bolo (5.58685°S 149.182°E / -5.58685; 149.182 (Bolo)) (where it is spoken alongside a version of Aria)

All of the villages above are located in Kove-Kaliai Rural LLG of West New Britain Province, except for Malasoŋo, which is located in Gurrissi ward of Gloucester Rural LLG, West New Britain Province.[3]

Anêm is also spoken by small numbers of people, mostly of Anêm descent, scattered among the surrounding villages. There are two main dialects.

Akiblîk, the dialect of Bolo, was near functional extinction in 1982, the youngest speaker then being about 35 years old. The main dialect is spoken in the other villages named above. There are about 800 speakers.

Phonology

Consonants:[2]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal / Velar
Nasal		m	n	ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive	Voiceless	p	t	k
	Voiced	b	d	ɡ
Trill			r
Fricative		β ⟨v⟩	s	x~ɣ ⟨x⟩*
Approximant			l	j ⟨y⟩

⟨x⟩ is listed as a post-velar trill in Thurston (1982),[4] but as a velar fricative in Stebbins (2018).[2]

Grammar

Anêm is notable for having at least 20 possessive classes.[5][6]

Syntax

Anêm is an accusative language with unmarked subject–verb–object word order in plain statements. Yes/no questions are indicated with an intonation contour rather than alterations in word order. Negation (not, not yet, don't) and completive aspect (already) are indicated by modality markers which occur in clause-final position. Tense is not indicated directly. There are three distinctions of mood (realis, irrealis and hortative). Realis refers to something that has happened or is happening; irrealis refers to future tense and hypotheticals; and hortative (only in third persons) is used in commands.

• Transitive clauses showing subject–verb–object order:

• Negative markers are clause final:

• Hortative mood:

Nouns

Anêm nouns are distinguished syntactically for gender, masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns are followed by demonstratives or relative pronouns that begin with /l/ while feminine nouns are followed by demonstratives or relative pronouns that begin with /s/. In addition, both subject prefixes and some object suffixes agree in gender with the noun they refer to:

• Masculine and feminine gender forms of demonstratives:

• Gender agreement by subject prefix and object suffix:

There are 20 possession classes in Anêm. Meanings vary depending on the assigned noun class, as shown in the examples below, with ki ‘hair’ as the noun root.[2]

• ki-l-e ‘my hair (head)’
• ki-ŋ-e ‘my hair (pubic)’
• ki-g-a ‘my hair (body)’

Vocabulary

100-word Swadesh list of Anêm:[4]^: 82–84

gloss	Anêm
I	ue
you (sg.)	nin
we	miŋ / mîn
this (masc.)	ler
this (fem.)	ser
that (masc.)	lan
that (fem.)	san
who?	mên
what?	gîmên
not	mantu
all	buno
many	buno
one	mîdê
two	niak
big	omba
long	sêgêl
small	boid
woman	dobalîŋ
man	axaŋ
person	doxam
fish	ia
bird	êknîn
dog	kaua
louse	seim
tree	aŋ
seed	lali
leaf	ki
root	zilŋon
bark	palau
skin	palau
flesh	be
blood	esin
bone	exe
grease	êmzêk
egg	nil
horn
tail	taba
feather	ki
hair	ki
head	og
ear	gêt
eye	ei
nose	piŋi
mouth	boŋ
tooth	lo
tongue	êlêŋ
claw	gi
foot	ti
knee	bol
hand	tîm
belly	êtêl
neck	agîm
breasts	i
heart	dokam
liver	êl
drink	-ik
eat
bite	-ŋai
see	-kê
hear	-degiŋ
know	-pun
sleep	-sêm / -tel
die	-zik / -lkîl
kill	-b / -pel
swim	-us
fly	-iê
walk	-li
come	-mên
lie	-sêm / -tel
sit	-sîk / -sîl
stand	-lîk / -lul
give	-sn
say	-ual
sun	ado
moon	klîŋ
star	eilî
water	komu
rain	iuo
stone	pa
sand	iabu
earth	eidî
cloud	olok
smoke	bîl
fire	kmî
ash	goxub
burn	-pma
path	iuŋ
mountain	êbêt
red	êxiêk
green / blue	biê
yellow	iaŋo
white	iagu
black	kŋîx
night	nib
hot	êŋîl
cold	epen
full	êpêx
new	masîk
good	leim
round	puax
dry	pît
name	eŋi

See also

• East Papuan languages

Further reading

• Thurston, William R. 1982. A comparative study in Anem and Lusi. Pacific Linguistics B-83. Canberra: Australian National University.

References

На других языках

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- [en] Anêm language

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[fr] Anêm

L'anêm (ou anem) est une langue papoue parlée en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée dans la province de Nouvelle-Bretagne occidentale.

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[it] Lingua anem

La lingua anêm è una lingua parlata nel nordest della Nuova Britannia, isola dell'Arcipelago di Bismarck in Papua-Nuova Guinea. I locutori erano circa 550 nel 2003[1] distribuiti tra cinque villaggi: Malasoŋo (dove si parla anche la lingua bariai), Karaiai, Mosiliki, Pudêlîŋ, Atiatu (dove si parla anche la lingua lusi) e Bolo (dove si parla anche la lingua aria), inoltre ci sono altre persone che la parlano in località circostanti.

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[ru] Анем

Анем — папуасский язык, на котором говорят в пяти деревнях, расположенных на северо-западном побережье острова Новая Британия, Папуа — Новая Гвинея: Маласонго (где говорят также на языке бариари), Караиаи, Мосилики, Пуделинг, Атиату (где говорят также на языке луси) и Боло (где говорят также на языке ариа). Также на анем говорит некоторые потомки жителей этих пяти деревень, живущие в окрестных селениях. Язык имеет два основных диалекта: акиблик и находящийся на грани исчезновения диалект деревни Боло (в 1982 году самому молодому носителю было 35 лет). Основной диалект акиблик ныне имеет около 550 носителей.

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