The Kolopom languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). Along with the Mombum languages, they are the languages spoken on Yos Sudarso Island (Kolopom Island).
Kolopom | |
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Geographic distribution | Kolopom Island, New Guinea |
Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
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Glottolog | kolo1268 |
![]() Map: The Kolopom languages of New Guinea
The Kolopom languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The Kolopom languages are,[1]
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[1]
*m | *n | ||
*p | *t | *s | *k |
*mb | *nd | *ndz | *ŋg |
[*w] | [*r] | [*j] | [*ɣ] |
*i | *u | |
*e | *ɵ | *o |
*æ | *a |
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1 | *n[a/o] | *nie |
2 | *K[a/o] (?) | *ŋgie |
3 | *ep | *emDe |
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1]
gloss | Proto-Kolopom |
---|---|
head | *tipV; *mVrV[w] |
hair/feathers | *muen[a] |
ear/mind | ? *mVrVk; *[ndz][o/u]an |
eye | *VnV |
nose | *ŋgon |
tooth | *t[e]r[a]k |
tongue | *mepreŋg |
blood | *iendz |
breast/milk | *mam |
louse | *nemeŋg |
dog | *n[ia] |
pig | *k[o/u][a] |
egg | *uak |
tree/wood | *nd[ua]t |
man/person | *ndz[ia]p |
woman/wife | *jowa[k] |
moon | *kumbanV |
water | *ndzu |
stone | *mete |
name | *n[e/a][k/ŋg] |
two | *[j]enapa; *sVp |
Cognates among Kolopom languages listed by Evans (2018):[2]
gloss | Kimaghama | Riantana | Ndom | Marori |
---|---|---|---|---|
stone | mɛtɛ | mɛtoe | mɛtə | mɛrɛ / mara |
cheek | cama | cəma | – | sama |
name | nɛ | na | nar | neɣ / naw |
rope | niɛ | na | nɛɣ | naʒ |
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970)[3] and Voorhoeve (1975),[4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
gloss | Kimaghima | Ndom | Riantana |
---|---|---|---|
head | tuakwo | reːt | modo |
hair | muna | tomwen | rutivö |
eye | avuo | ununor | anömbö |
tooth | travae | trex | tudömbo |
leg | kura | tur | teː |
louse | nöme | neːmön | nöme |
dog | nöe | wawant | nia |
pig | ku | yar | ku |
bird | axanemö | nembörfe | ne |
egg | wo | wax | winömbana |
blood | dörö | eth | yerana |
bone | duno | in | nduka |
skin | krara | krikir | kwika |
tree | do | ndör; ndua | ndör; ndua |
man | ci | xarefe theref | rianoana |
sun | öre | wen | meːnoŋwa |
water | cu | wer | rö |
fire | i | u | drö |
stone | mete | meːt | metö |
name | ne | nar | ria |
eat | muye | xot | mora |
one | növere | sas | meːbö |
two | kave | thef | enava |
Kolopom reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[6]
Kimaghana language:
Trans–New Guinea languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Papuan language families (Palmer 2018 classification) | |||||||||||
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Trans-New Guinea subgroups |
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Eastern Nusantara families and isolates |
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Bird's Head Peninsula families and isolates |
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Northern Western New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
Central Western New Guinea families and isolates |
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Sepik-Ramu basin families and isolates |
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Gulf of Papua and southern New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands families and isolates | |||||||||||
Rossel Island isolate |
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Proposed groupings |
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Proto-language |
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