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Mono is a language spoken by about 65,000 people[2] in the northwestern corner of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the Banda languages, a subbranch of the Ubangian branch of the Niger–Congo languages. It has five dialects: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, and Kaga.

Mono
Native to	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Region	Northwestern corner of Congo (DRC)
Native speakers	(65,000 cited 1984 census)[1]
Language family	Ubangian Banda Central Banda Mid-Southern Mono
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mnh
Glottolog	mono1270
ELP	Mono (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
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Mono has 33 consonant phonemes, including three labial-velar stops (/k͡p/, /ɡ͡b/, and prenasalized /ᵑ͡ᵐɡ͡b/), an asymmetrical eight-vowel system, and a labiodental flap /ⱱ/ (allophonically a bilabial flap [ⱳ]) that contrasts with both /v/ and /w/. It is a tonal language.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Labial- Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ
Plosive/ Affricate	Voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k	k͡p	ʔ
	Voiced	b	d	dʒ	g	ɡ͡b
	Prenasalized	ᵐb	ⁿd	ⁿdʒ	ᵑɡ	ᵑ͡ᵐɡ͡b
	Implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative	Voiceless	f	s	ʃ			h
	Voiced	v	z	ʒ
Trill/Tap		ⱱ	r
Approximant			l	j		w

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Close-mid	e	ə	o
Open-mid			ɔ
Open		a

Tones in Mono: high, low, medium[3]

References

• Kamanda-Kola, Roger. 2003. Phonologie et morpho-syntaxe du mono: Langue oubanguienne du Congo R.D. (LINCOM Studies in African Linguistics 60). Munich: LINCOM EUROPA.
• Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
• Olson, Kenneth S. 2005. The phonology of Mono (SIL International and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics 140). Dallas: SIL & UTA.
• Olson, Kenneth S. & Brian E. Schrag. 2000. 'An overview of Mono phonology'. In H. Ekkehard Wolff & Orin Gensler (eds.), Proceedings from the 2nd World Congress of African Linguistics, Leipzig 1997, 393–409. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.

External links

• SIL article on new phonetic symbol for labiodental flap

На других языках

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[de] Mono (ubangische Sprache)

Mono ist eine ubangische Sprache, die von über 65.000 Personen[1] im nordwestlichen Kongo gesprochen wird.

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- [en] Mono language (Congo)

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[fr] Mono (langue oubanguienne)

Le mono est une langue nigéro-congolaise de la branche des langues oubanguiennes parlée dans le Nord-Ouest de la République démocratique du Congo.

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[ru] Моно (убангийский язык)

Моно (также амоно) — один из адамава-убангийских языков ветви банда, на котором говорят 65 тыс. человек (1985), язык народа моно. Распространён на северо-западе ДРК[1][3][4][7].

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