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Nande, also known as (Oru)Ndandi and Yira, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Nande
Yira
Ndandi
Native toDemocratic Republic of the Congo
RegionNord-Kivu province
Native speakers
(900,000 cited 1991)[1]
Language family
Niger–Congo?
  • Atlantic–Congo
    • Volta-Congo
      • Benue–Congo
        • Bantoid
          • Southern Bantoid
            • Bantu
              • Northeast Bantu
                • Great Lakes Bantu
                  • Rwenzori
                    • Nande
Language codes
ISO 639-3nnb
Glottolognand1264
Guthrie code
JD.42[2]

The Nande of Congo and the Konjo people of Uganda are a single ethnic group, which they call Yira (Bayira). They trace their origins to the Ruwenzori Mountains between the two countries. The languages Nande and Konjo are close enough to be considered divergent dialects. Nande has a number of dialects of its own: Nande proper, Kumbule, Mate, Tangi, Sanza, Shu, Songola (Songoora, Nyangala), Swaga / Kira (in Nande, all of these are prefixed with eki-).

For the varieties of this language known as Shu we are given the information [3] that another language, "EkiShukaali" was formerly spoken by the women, the AvaShukaali. This may be a specific reference to some kind of "secret jargon" into which the girls, and not boys, were initiated.

Some of the Nande of Congo have a patron–vassal relationship with the Efé Pygmies.


Phonology



Consonants


Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate t͡s
Fricative voiceless s h
voiced β ɣ
prenasal ⁿz
Nasal m n ɲ
Rhotic trill r
tap ɾ
Approximant l (j) (w)

Vowels


Front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Close-mid ɛ ~ e ɔ ~ o
Open-mid
Open a

References


  1. Nande at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press 1959 ,page 96.
  4. Valinande, Nzama K. (1984). The Structure of Kinande. Georgetown University.



На других языках


- [en] Nande language

[fr] Kinande

Le kinande ou konzo est une langue de la famille des langues bantoues, parlée par la population nande, l'un des multiples groupes ethniques de la République démocratique du Congo. Le kinande est parlé dans l'Est de la République démocratique du Congo et à l'Ouest de l'Ouganda où les Wanande prennent le nom de Bakondjo ou Bakonzo.



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