lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Zande is the largest of the Zande languages. It is spoken by the Azande, primarily in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and western South Sudan, but also in the eastern part of the Central African Republic. It is called Pazande in the Zande language and Kizande in Lingala.

Zande
Pazande
Native to	Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan
Ethnicity	Zande people
Native speakers	(undated figure of 730,000 in Congo)[1] 350,000 in South Sudan (1982), 65,000 in CAR (1996)[2] L2 speakers: 100,000 in South Sudan (2013)[2]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic-Congo Volta-Congo Savannas? Zande languages Zande–Nzakara Zande
Dialects	Dio Makaraka
Language codes
ISO 639-3	zne
Glottolog	zand1248

Estimates about the number of speakers vary; in 2001 Koen Impens cited studies that put the number between 700,000 and one million.[3]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Labio- velar
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k	k͡p
	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿd			ᵑɡ	ᵑɡ͡b
	voiced	b	d			ɡ	ɡ͡b
Fricative	voiceless	f	s
	prenasal	ᶬv	ⁿz
	voiced	v	z
Nasal		m	n		ɲ
Rhotic			(r)	ɽ
Approximant					j		w

• Alveolar sounds /d, z, ⁿz, s, t, ⁿd/ have allophones as palato-alveolar sounds [d͡ʒ, ʒ, ⁿʒ, ʃ, t͡ʃ, ⁿd͡ʒ] when preceding /i/.
• The retroflex tap /ɽ/ can be heard as an alveolar trill [r] in free variation.[4]

Vowels

Oral and Nasal vowels

	Front		Back
			unrounded		rounded
Close	i	ĩ			u	ũ
Near-close	ɪ	ɪ̃			ʊ	ʊ̃
Close-mid	e	ẽ			o	õ
Open-mid	ɛ	ɛ̃	ʌ	ʌ̃	ɔ	ɔ̃
Open			a	ã

Writing system

Sample text in Zande

Avunguagudee, oni nangarasa rukutu awironi na gu sosono yo i mangi agu asunge dunduko na ngbarago i afuhe fuyo i mangihe, singia si tii Bambu Kindo yo, watadu ba bakere adunguratise yo?

Translation

Parents, do you encourage your children and teenagers to work cheerfully at any assignment that they are given to do, whether at the Kingdom Hall, at an assembly, or at a convention site?

Zande spelling rules were established at the 1928 Rejaf Language Conference[5] following the principles of the International African Institute.[6]

Zande alphabet of Gore 1931[7]

a

b

d

e

f

g

i

k

m

n

o

ö

p

s

t

u

v

w

y

z

Nasalized vowels are indicated using the tilde : ⟨ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ⟩. Consonants with double articulation are represented by digraphs: ⟨gb kp mv nv ny⟩.

In 1959, Archibald Norman Tucker published a Zande alphabet proposed during the Bangenzi Conference of 1941.[8]

Zande alphabet of Tucker 1959

a

ä

b

d

e

f

g

h

i

i̧

k

m

n

o

p

r

s

t

u

u̧

v

w

y

z

’

Nasalized vowels are indicated using the tilde : ã ẽ ĩ ĩ̧ õ ũ ũ̧ r̃. Consonants with double articulation are represented by digraphs or trigraphs : kp gb ny mb nv nd nz ng ngb mgb

SIL International published a Zande alphabet in 2014.[9]

Zande alphabet (SIL)

a

ə

b

d

e

f

g

gb

h

i

ɨ

k

kp

l

m

mb

n

nd

ngb

nv

ny

nz

o

p

s

t

u

ʉ

v

w

y

z

References

Bibliography

• Gore, Edward Clive (1931). A Zande Grammar. Sheldon Press.
• Tucker, Archibald Norman (1959). Le groupe linguistique zande (in French). Musée royal du Congo belge.
• "Awalaga Gɨda Pazande. Alphabet Zande, R. D. Congo [PDF]". vdoc.pub.

External links

• PanAfrican L10n page on Zande

На других языках

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[de] Azande (Sprache)

Azande, auch Zande oder Pazande genannt, ist eine Niger-Kongo-Sprache und wird von 1.142.000 Menschen gesprochen, davon leben 730.000 Menschen in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo (Stand 1978), 350.000 Menschen in Sudan (Stand 1982) und 62.000 in der Zentralafrikanischen Republik (Stand 1996). Azande ist nirgendwo Amtssprache.

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- [en] Zande language

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[fr] Zandé (langue)

Le zandé, ou pazande, est une langue nigéro-congolaise de la branche des langues zandées, parlée par les Zandés en Centrafrique, au Congo-Kinshasa et au Soudan du Sud.

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[it] Lingua zande

Lo zande è una lingua appartenente alla famiglia linguistica niger-kordofaniana, ramo lingue zande, parlata dal popolo Zande, che vivono tra la Repubblica Centrafricana, il Repubblica Democratica del Congo e il Sudan del Sud.

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[ru] Занде (язык)

За́нде (также аза́нде, баджанде, пазанде, санде, занди) — язык народа занде, предположительно один из убангийских языков нигеро-конголезской макросемьи. Распространён на северо-востоке Демократической Республики Конго, юго-востоке Центральноафриканской Республики и западе Южного Судана. Число носителей составляет более 1 млн. 142 тыс. человек[2], из них около 730 тыс. человек в ДРК, 350 тыс. человек — в Южном Судане и 62 тыс. человек — в ЦАР.

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