Chokwe (also known as Batshokwe, Ciokwe, Kioko, Kiokwe, Quioca, Quioco, Shioko, Tschiokloe or Tshokwe[3]) is a Bantu language spoken by the Chokwe people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. It is recognised as a national language of Angola, where half a million people were estimated to have spoken it in 1991; another half a million speakers lived in the Congo in 1990, and some 20,000 in Zambia in 2010.[1] It is used as a lingua franca in eastern Angola.
Chokwe | |
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Ucôkwe (Wuchokwe) | |
Native to | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia |
Ethnicity | Chokwe people |
Native speakers | (980,000 cited 1990–1991)[1] |
Language family | Niger–Congo?
|
Official status | |
Official language in | ![]() |
Regulated by | Instituto de Línguas Nacionais |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cjk |
Glottolog | chok1245 |
K.11 [2] |
Chokwe | |
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Person | Kacôkwe |
People | Tucôkwe |
Language | Ucôkwe (Wuchokwe) |
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Angola's Instituto de Línguas Nacionais (National Languages Institute) has established spelling rules for Chokwe with a view to facilitate and promote its use.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-mid | e | o | |
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a ~ ɑ |
Vowels may also be heard as nasalized when preceding nasal consonants.
Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | voiceless | p | t | (c) | k | ||
voiced | b | d | (ɟ) | g | |||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||
prenasal vd. | ᵐb | ⁿd | (ᶮɟ) | ᵑɡ | |||
prenasal vl. | ᵐp | ||||||
Affricate | voiceless | p͡f | t͡f | t͡ʃ | |||
voiced | t͡v | d͡ʒ | |||||
prenasal | ⁿd͡v | ⁿd͡ʒ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | ||
voiced | v | z | ʒ | ||||
prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
Approximant | lateral | l | ʎ | ||||
plain | j | w |
Affricate sounds /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ⁿd͡ʒ/ may also be pronounced as palatal stops [c, ɟ, ᶮɟ].
Chokwe has three tones as /v́/, /v̀/, and /v̂/.[4][5]
English | Chokwe |
---|---|
Good Morning
-Response |
Menekenu
-Mwane |
See you | Ndo shimbu yikehe |
Goodbye | Salenuho |
What is your name? | Jina lie yena iya? |
My name is ____ | Jina liami ___ |
Languages of Angola | |
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Official language | |
National languages | |
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Sign languages |
Languages of Zambia | |
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Official language | |
Regional languages | |
Indigenous languages | |
Sign languages | |
Immigrant languages |
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Note: The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them. |
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