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Scandoromani is a North Germanic based Para-Romani. It is spoken by the Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),[1] and formerly in Sweden.

Scandoromani
Native to	Norway, Sweden, Denmark
Native speakers	c. 100–150 (2014)[1] Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.[1]
Language family	Para-Romani, mixed Romani–Scandinavian
Official status
Official language in	recognised minority language in  Norway (1993)  Sweden (1999)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: rmg – Traveller Norwegian rmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden) rmd – Traveller Danish
Glottolog	trav1236  Norwegian tavr1235  Swedish trav1237  Danish
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Subforms are referred to as:

• Traveller Norwegian (tavringens rakripa, lit. 'Traveller's language'), [2])[3] Norwegian norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway;
• Tavringer Romani,[4] Traveller Swedish or Tattare,[5] Swedish svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
• Traveller Danish[6] in Denmark.

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[7] (S) / kjuro[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj[7] (S) / grei[2] (N) 'horse'.

See also

• Finnish Kalo language
• Para-Romani

Notes

References

Suggested further reading

• Baardsen, Gjest (1948). Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen. Ord og sed (in Norwegian). Oslo: Noregs boklag Helge Refsum.
• Baardsen, Gjest. "Samling af de mest forrekommende Ord i det saakaldte Vandrings eller Skøiersprog". Digital Archives. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
• Hancock, Ian (1992). "The social and linguistic development of Scandoromani". In Håkon Jahr, Ernst (ed.). Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies. Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 37–52. ISBN 3-11-012802-0.
• Iversen, Ragnvald (1945). The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway. Secret languages in Norway. Oslo: I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad.
• Karlsen, Ludvig (1993). Romani-folkets ordbok : [tavringens rakripa : de reisendes språk : romani-norsk-engelsk] (in Traveller Norwegian, Norwegian, and English). Oslo. ISBN 8299236312.
• Lindell, Lenny; Thorbjörnsson-Djerf, Kenth (2008). Carling, Gerd (ed.). Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger (in Swedish). Stockholm: Podium. ISBN 978-91-89196-43-8. (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Tavringer Romani; includes several Traveller song texts in extenso)
• Miskow, Johan; Brøndal, Viggo (1923). "Sigøjnersprog i Danmark" (PDF). Danske Studier (in Danish): 97–145.
• Dyneley Prince, J. (1925). "The Gypsy Language of Denmark" (PDF). Journal of the American Oriental Society. 45: 97–105.

External links

• Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok at the Wayback Machine (archived May 17, 2008) (in Norwegian)
• Norwegian Romani Dictionary (in Bokmål and English)
• Examples of Tavringer Romani text from the websites of the Swedish Parliament and the Swedish Language Council (in Swedish)

На других языках

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[de] Skandinavisches Romani

Das Skandinavische Romani oder Skandoromani (auch norwegisches Romani bzw. schwedisches Romani genannt) ist eine skandinavische Mischsprache, deren Wortschatz einen hohen Anteil von Romani sowie Wortgut aus europäischen Kontaktsprachen der Roma aufweist, während die Syntax und Morphologie überwiegend vom Typ der zentralskandinavischen Sprachen ist. Sie gehört damit den Para-Romani-Sprachen an, wie das englische Angloromani oder das spanische Caló.

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- [en] Scandoromani language

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[ru] Скандинавско-цыганский язык

Скандинавско-цыганский язык (или скандинавский рома, швед. Rommani, норв. Romani, сканд-цыг. Romani rakripa, альтернативное название tavrigens rakripa) — один из пара-цыганских языков, основу которого составляют отдельные скандинавские языки. В настоящее время на нём говорят в цыганских общинах Швеции (около 25 тыс. человек) и Норвегии (около 6 тыс. человек).

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