Umbugarla or Mbukarla is a possible Australian language isolate once spoken by three people in Arnhem Land, northern Australia, in 1981, and is now extinct.
Umbugarla | |
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Mbukarla | |
Region | Northern Territory |
Extinct | ca. 2000; with the death of Butcher Knight |
Language family | Darwin
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | umr |
Glottolog | umbu1235 |
AIATSIS[1] | N43 |
ELP | Umbugarla |
![]() historic distribution of Umbugarla |
Umbugarla was once considered a language isolate (together with Ngurmbur as a dialect), but Mark Harvey has made a case for it being part of a family of Darwin Region languages.[2]
Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages | |||||||||||||||||
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Pama–Nyungan subgroups |
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Tangkic | |||||||||||||||||
Garrwan | |||||||||||||||||
Macro-Gunwinyguan ? |
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Iwaidjan |
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Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |||||||||||||||||
Darwin Region ? |
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Daly River Sprachbund |
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Mirndi |
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Jarrakan |
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Bunuban |
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Worrorran | |||||||||||||||||
Nyulnyulan |
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isolates | |||||||||||||||||
Tasmanian family-level groups |
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