Limilngan, also known as Limil and Manidja (also spelt Manitja), is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language of the Top End of Australia.
| Limilngan | |
|---|---|
| Limil | |
| Manadja, Minitji | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory |
| Ethnicity | Limilngan (aka Buneidja) |
| Extinct | 2009 |
Language family | Darwin Region
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lmc |
| Glottolog | nucl1327 |
| AIATSIS[1] | N42 |
| ELP | Limilngan |
The language as well as its speakers are known by three names: Limilngan, Limil and Manidja / Manitja, the latter being an exonym.[1]
Buneidja is regarded as the same language, and the people are sometimes referred to by this name.[1]
Limilngan was spoken in the Darwin hinterland, in the Mary River (Northern Territory) area of Kakadu.[1]
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Stop | b/p | ɡ/k | ɟ/c | d/t | ɖ/ʈ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| Lateral | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Rhotic | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | ||
The Limilngan language uses the three vowel system; /a/, /i/, /u/. The three sounds can result in allophones as /ɑ,æ/, /ɪ/, and /ʊ/.[2]
Limilngan plant and animal names:[2]
| English gloss | Limilngan |
|---|---|
| animal | lulayi |
| bandicoot | urugalitjbagi |
| cattle | bulikgi |
| dingo | dimarrkginyan |
| dog | ngiliyi |
| dugong | anmat dumuligan |
| echidna | mumuligan mamban |
| flying fox (black) | mumalingan |
| flying fox (red) | lumarninyan damban |
| horse | nandu |
| kangaroo | anmat dumuligan |
| mouse | liyil |
| native cat | dirdatj |
| native cat | gitjbi damban |
| old man kangaroo | madlingi minyayan |
| possum | lulikbi dinyayan |
| sugar glider | marnijurrkgurrk |
| tree rat | luwarli |
| wallaby (agile) | bungal minyayan |
| wallaby (short-eared rock) | itbilinyngan |
| wallaroo (black) | lunybim |
| black-headed python | iwirli |
| black whipsnake | lamurr |
| blue tongue lizard | mimiluk minyayan |
| Burton's legless lizard | laminy dagiyan |
| carpet snake | irrun damban |
| crocodile | latdinyayan |
| death adder | iyatdururr |
| file snake | bitjjurnurnu |
| freshwater crocodile | linan dirrinyan |
| frill-necked lizard | lam |
| goanna sp. | mirtbinalk mamban |
| goanna sp. | birnirriny |
| goanna | limiji damban |
| golden tree snake | lagun |
| keelback snake | limin biyal |
| king brown snake | alinyman dinyayan |
| lizard sp. | badambip |
| lizard sp. | lanay |
| lizard sp. | liminalk |
| lizard sp. | minyim binyayan |
| long-necked turtle | lulayk |
| MacLeay's water snake (Pseudoferania polylepis) | layi |
| olive python | lumuwat dumuligan |
| short-necked turtle | lamuk dikbugan |
| skink | imin mirlarli |
| slaty-grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus) | lambirli |
| turtle leg | milingbi |
| water goanna | ngugun dagiyan |
| water snake | lambugay |
| western brown snake | iyaturu |
| bird sp. | jitbulkbulk |
| bird sp. | luwutjgi |
| bittern | nawarral |
| black cockatoo | lurrilmal |
| black kite | limin binal |
| brolga | lurrilyarr |
| bustard | dumugarnyi |
| butcherbird | minbulungbulung |
| comb-crested jacana | liyiny |
| cormorant (large species) | lumuwulkbarl |
| crow | lagurr |
| curlew | girriluk ~ limiluk |
| darter | iminy |
| dove | guluduk |
| eagle (white-bellied sea) | imbinyman |
| eagle (wedge-tailed) | malungan |
| egg | umunngayan |
| egret | lurliny |
| emu | langitj |
| feather | lumulkban |
| flycatcher | wijit |
| galah | bilarrkbilarrk |
| goose | lamay |
| jabiru | larryal |
| jungle fowl | larnmingi dinyayan |
| kookaburra | lirrgi |
| long-tailed finch | mawitjbitj |
| magpie | jilalarr |
| magpie-lark | liwitjbut |
| masked lapwing | barrapbarrap |
| mopoke | gumitgumitgan |
| native hen | bibarrk |
| owl | mukmuk ilamirl |
| parrot (red-winged) | miyilarrk |
| pelican | marninyi mambirri |
| pheasant | mambarr birrinyan |
| pigeon (Torresian imperial) | lalkgi |
| plover | gurlawirtwirt |
| pygmy goose | laliny |
| quail | ligi |
| rainbow bee-eater | malarr |
| tern | larnung dirrinyngan ~ liwirarr dinyayan |
| whistling duck (plumed) | laminyanbarr |
| whistling duck (wandering) | danyarnngi |
| whistling kite | limarrambi |
| white cockatoo | ditjgan |
| white-throated grasswren | lamugarn |
| willy wagtail | jigirritj-jigirritj |
| wing | larnung |
| barramundi | diyan diminyan |
| black bream | luwitjbarl |
| catfish | gurdumardi |
| crab | makbangi dinyayan |
| crab | makbangi majan |
| eel | imilung dajan |
| fish | iwan |
| frog sp. | bagartbagart |
| garfish | jukjuk ilamirl |
| longbam | wugul-wugul |
| mangrove oyster | ulikbily |
| manta ray | langinyngan |
| mermaid | marung |
| mullet | ilyiwin muluman |
| mussel | liyinmungi |
| oyster | lumbangmam |
| prawn | lilkgany |
| sea snake | umalikgan |
| shark | arli |
| shellfish sp. | galpbangarruk |
| stingray | mumburarr |
| ant sp. | darnman |
| anthill | ayirri |
| blowfly | luwunbun |
| bull ant | luralkgalk |
| butterfly | mambirri |
| centipede | lurluk |
| dragon fly | liwijul |
| flea | manum birrinyan |
| fly | lalykgi |
| green ant | girralpbung |
| grub | limiyuk |
| hornet | uwurnitj |
| leech | lugi |
| little fly | luwutjgi |
| louse | limbi |
| louse egg | miyimbi |
| mangrove worm | dirrinyngangan |
| marchfly | lalk |
| mosquito | lanbayk |
| sandfly | mimilanitj |
| scorpion | lurngun |
| snail | lirrul |
| tick | mirtbinalk |
| wasp | malinyngan |
| English gloss | Limilngan |
|---|---|
| bamboo | mirnalitj |
| Banksia dentata | mambirram |
| banyon | minukban |
| billy goat plum | layi |
| black currant tree | manguk |
| black plum | miminikgitj |
| black wattle | iwirli |
| bush onion | lagurr |
| bush potato | bawitj |
| crab's eye vine | bakgarl |
| cycad | uwarrkbi |
| flower | mimilngan |
| grass | marniyi |
| grass (knife) | barram |
| green plum | ilidamban |
| Grewia retusifolia | magangurl |
| Haemodorum coccineum | wilwil ilam |
| ironwood | marral |
| ironwood wax | nguwuk |
| leaf | luwutjgi |
| lily (grass) | minumbirr |
| lily (red) | uwukgi damban |
| lily bulb (white) | minayuk |
| lily flower (white) | manyal |
| lily stem (white) | ulikbily |
| lily tuber (white) | mingililuk |
| dense tree cover | miyimil |
| milkwood | mimilugutj |
| palm species | dilimin langan |
| palm species | mulpbay |
| pandanus nut | langitj |
| Pandanus spiralis | liyarr |
| paperbark | agal |
| Persoonia falcata | latjji |
| Phragmites | lamitj |
| pig tucker tree | laliny |
| red apple | mamun birritj ~ mamun burrnginy |
| root | madlingi |
| scrub | lalagan |
| seaweed | malngi |
| stringybark | linngulitj |
| tea tree[lower-alpha 1] | agi-agi |
| tree | bangi |
| unidentified plant species | miyingal |
| white apple | lalykgi damban |
| white cedar | liwirnal |
| white gum | limin balyi |
| wild banana | langinyngan |
| wild peanut tree | imiligarnmi |
| woollybutt | muwurn ditjgan |
| yam (long) | limbi |
| yam (round) | mirnngayal |
| yam (water) | darndamban |
Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pama–Nyungan subgroups |
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| Tangkic | |||||||||||||||||
| Garrwan | |||||||||||||||||
| Macro-Gunwinyguan ? |
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| Iwaidjan |
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| Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |||||||||||||||||
| Darwin Region ? |
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| Daly River Sprachbund |
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| Mirndi |
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| Jarrakan |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Bunuban |
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| Worrorran | |||||||||||||||||
| Nyulnyulan |
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| isolates | |||||||||||||||||
| Tasmanian family-level groups |
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