Limilngan, also known as Limil and Manidja (also spelt Manitja), is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language of the Top End of Australia.
Limilngan | |
---|---|
Limil | |
Manadja, Minitji | |
Native to | Australia |
Region | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory |
Ethnicity | Limilngan (aka Buneidja) |
Extinct | 2009 |
Language family | Darwin Region
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | lmc |
Glottolog | nucl1327 |
AIATSIS[1] | N42 |
ELP | Limilngan |
The language as well as its speakers are known by three names: Limilngan, Limil and Manidja / Manitja, the latter being an exonym.[1]
Buneidja is regarded as the same language, and the people are sometimes referred to by this name.[1]
Limilngan was spoken in the Darwin hinterland, in the Mary River (Northern Territory) area of Kakadu.[1]
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
Stop | b/p | ɡ/k | ɟ/c | d/t | ɖ/ʈ |
Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
Lateral | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
Rhotic | ɾ | ||||
Approximant | w | j | ɻ |
The Limilngan language uses the three vowel system; /a/, /i/, /u/. The three sounds can result in allophones as /ɑ,æ/, /ɪ/, and /ʊ/.[2]
Limilngan plant and animal names:[2]
English gloss | Limilngan |
---|---|
animal | lulayi |
bandicoot | urugalitjbagi |
cattle | bulikgi |
dingo | dimarrkginyan |
dog | ngiliyi |
dugong | anmat dumuligan |
echidna | mumuligan mamban |
flying fox (black) | mumalingan |
flying fox (red) | lumarninyan damban |
horse | nandu |
kangaroo | anmat dumuligan |
mouse | liyil |
native cat | dirdatj |
native cat | gitjbi damban |
old man kangaroo | madlingi minyayan |
possum | lulikbi dinyayan |
sugar glider | marnijurrkgurrk |
tree rat | luwarli |
wallaby (agile) | bungal minyayan |
wallaby (short-eared rock) | itbilinyngan |
wallaroo (black) | lunybim |
black-headed python | iwirli |
black whipsnake | lamurr |
blue tongue lizard | mimiluk minyayan |
Burton's legless lizard | laminy dagiyan |
carpet snake | irrun damban |
crocodile | latdinyayan |
death adder | iyatdururr |
file snake | bitjjurnurnu |
freshwater crocodile | linan dirrinyan |
frill-necked lizard | lam |
goanna sp. | mirtbinalk mamban |
goanna sp. | birnirriny |
goanna | limiji damban |
golden tree snake | lagun |
keelback snake | limin biyal |
king brown snake | alinyman dinyayan |
lizard sp. | badambip |
lizard sp. | lanay |
lizard sp. | liminalk |
lizard sp. | minyim binyayan |
long-necked turtle | lulayk |
MacLeay's water snake (Pseudoferania polylepis) | layi |
olive python | lumuwat dumuligan |
short-necked turtle | lamuk dikbugan |
skink | imin mirlarli |
slaty-grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus) | lambirli |
turtle leg | milingbi |
water goanna | ngugun dagiyan |
water snake | lambugay |
western brown snake | iyaturu |
bird sp. | jitbulkbulk |
bird sp. | luwutjgi |
bittern | nawarral |
black cockatoo | lurrilmal |
black kite | limin binal |
brolga | lurrilyarr |
bustard | dumugarnyi |
butcherbird | minbulungbulung |
comb-crested jacana | liyiny |
cormorant (large species) | lumuwulkbarl |
crow | lagurr |
curlew | girriluk ~ limiluk |
darter | iminy |
dove | guluduk |
eagle (white-bellied sea) | imbinyman |
eagle (wedge-tailed) | malungan |
egg | umunngayan |
egret | lurliny |
emu | langitj |
feather | lumulkban |
flycatcher | wijit |
galah | bilarrkbilarrk |
goose | lamay |
jabiru | larryal |
jungle fowl | larnmingi dinyayan |
kookaburra | lirrgi |
long-tailed finch | mawitjbitj |
magpie | jilalarr |
magpie-lark | liwitjbut |
masked lapwing | barrapbarrap |
mopoke | gumitgumitgan |
native hen | bibarrk |
owl | mukmuk ilamirl |
parrot (red-winged) | miyilarrk |
pelican | marninyi mambirri |
pheasant | mambarr birrinyan |
pigeon (Torresian imperial) | lalkgi |
plover | gurlawirtwirt |
pygmy goose | laliny |
quail | ligi |
rainbow bee-eater | malarr |
tern | larnung dirrinyngan ~ liwirarr dinyayan |
whistling duck (plumed) | laminyanbarr |
whistling duck (wandering) | danyarnngi |
whistling kite | limarrambi |
white cockatoo | ditjgan |
white-throated grasswren | lamugarn |
willy wagtail | jigirritj-jigirritj |
wing | larnung |
barramundi | diyan diminyan |
black bream | luwitjbarl |
catfish | gurdumardi |
crab | makbangi dinyayan |
crab | makbangi majan |
eel | imilung dajan |
fish | iwan |
frog sp. | bagartbagart |
garfish | jukjuk ilamirl |
longbam | wugul-wugul |
mangrove oyster | ulikbily |
manta ray | langinyngan |
mermaid | marung |
mullet | ilyiwin muluman |
mussel | liyinmungi |
oyster | lumbangmam |
prawn | lilkgany |
sea snake | umalikgan |
shark | arli |
shellfish sp. | galpbangarruk |
stingray | mumburarr |
ant sp. | darnman |
anthill | ayirri |
blowfly | luwunbun |
bull ant | luralkgalk |
butterfly | mambirri |
centipede | lurluk |
dragon fly | liwijul |
flea | manum birrinyan |
fly | lalykgi |
green ant | girralpbung |
grub | limiyuk |
hornet | uwurnitj |
leech | lugi |
little fly | luwutjgi |
louse | limbi |
louse egg | miyimbi |
mangrove worm | dirrinyngangan |
marchfly | lalk |
mosquito | lanbayk |
sandfly | mimilanitj |
scorpion | lurngun |
snail | lirrul |
tick | mirtbinalk |
wasp | malinyngan |
English gloss | Limilngan |
---|---|
bamboo | mirnalitj |
Banksia dentata | mambirram |
banyon | minukban |
billy goat plum | layi |
black currant tree | manguk |
black plum | miminikgitj |
black wattle | iwirli |
bush onion | lagurr |
bush potato | bawitj |
crab's eye vine | bakgarl |
cycad | uwarrkbi |
flower | mimilngan |
grass | marniyi |
grass (knife) | barram |
green plum | ilidamban |
Grewia retusifolia | magangurl |
Haemodorum coccineum | wilwil ilam |
ironwood | marral |
ironwood wax | nguwuk |
leaf | luwutjgi |
lily (grass) | minumbirr |
lily (red) | uwukgi damban |
lily bulb (white) | minayuk |
lily flower (white) | manyal |
lily stem (white) | ulikbily |
lily tuber (white) | mingililuk |
dense tree cover | miyimil |
milkwood | mimilugutj |
palm species | dilimin langan |
palm species | mulpbay |
pandanus nut | langitj |
Pandanus spiralis | liyarr |
paperbark | agal |
Persoonia falcata | latjji |
Phragmites | lamitj |
pig tucker tree | laliny |
red apple | mamun birritj ~ mamun burrnginy |
root | madlingi |
scrub | lalagan |
seaweed | malngi |
stringybark | linngulitj |
tea tree[lower-alpha 1] | agi-agi |
tree | bangi |
unidentified plant species | miyingal |
white apple | lalykgi damban |
white cedar | liwirnal |
white gum | limin balyi |
wild banana | langinyngan |
wild peanut tree | imiligarnmi |
woollybutt | muwurn ditjgan |
yam (long) | limbi |
yam (round) | mirnngayal |
yam (water) | darndamban |
Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pama–Nyungan subgroups |
| ||||||||||||||||
Tangkic | |||||||||||||||||
Garrwan | |||||||||||||||||
Macro-Gunwinyguan ? |
| ||||||||||||||||
Iwaidjan |
| ||||||||||||||||
Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |||||||||||||||||
Darwin Region ? |
| ||||||||||||||||
Daly River Sprachbund |
| ||||||||||||||||
Mirndi |
| ||||||||||||||||
Jarrakan |
| ||||||||||||||||
Bunuban |
| ||||||||||||||||
Worrorran | |||||||||||||||||
Nyulnyulan |
| ||||||||||||||||
isolates | |||||||||||||||||
Tasmanian family-level groups |
|