lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageNunggubuyu or Wubuy is an Australian Aboriginal language, the traditional language of the Nunggubuyu people. It is the primary traditional language spoken in the community of Numbulwar in the Northern Territory.[3] The language is classified as severely endangered by UNESCO,[4] with only 272 speakers according to the 2016 census.[5] Most children in Numbulwar can understand Nunggubuyu when spoken to, but cannot speak it themselves, having to reply in Kriol. To counter this, starting in 1990, the community has been embarking on a revitalisation programme for the language by bringing in elders to teach it to children at the local school.[6]
Aboriginal Australian language
Nunggubuyu |
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Native to | Australia |
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Region | Numbulwar, Northern Territory |
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Ethnicity | Nunggubuyu people |
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Native speakers | 276 (2016 census)[1] perhaps 400 semi-speakers and second language speakers |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | nuy |
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Glottolog | nung1290 |
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AIATSIS[2] | N128 |
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ELP | Wubuy |
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This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. |
Classification
The classification of Nunggubuyu is problematic. Heath (1997) postulates that Nunggubuyu is most closely related to Ngandi and Anindilyakwa. However, Evans (2003) believes that the similarities are shared retentions rather than shared innovations, and that Nunggubuyu is closest to the eastern Gunwinyguan languages.[7]
Brett Baker (2004) demonstrates that Ngandi and Wubuy form an "Eastern Gunwinyguan" subgroup as distinct from the "jala"/"Rembarngic" subgroup which includes Rembarrnga and Ngalakgan.[8] Furthermore, Van Egmond's (2012) study of the genetic position of Anindilyakwa supports Heath's hypothesis that Ngandi, Anindilyakwa and Wubuy/Nunggubuyu do constitute one subgroup within Gunwinyguan.[9]
Phonology
Consonants
|
Peripheral |
Laminal |
Apical |
Bilabial |
Velar |
Palatal |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Retroflex |
Nasal |
m |
ŋ |
ɲ |
n̪ |
n |
ɳ |
Stop |
p |
k |
c |
t̪ |
t |
ʈ |
Tap |
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|
|
ɾ |
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Lateral |
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l̪ |
l |
ɭ |
Approximant |
w |
j |
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ɻ |
/n̪/ is rare. /ɾ/ may optionally be pronounced as a trill when it occurs word-initial position, which is rare.[10]
Vowels
|
Front |
Back |
High |
i iː |
u uː |
Low |
a aː |
Numbers
Nunggubuyu uses a quinary number system.[11]
1 (15) |
anjbadj |
2 (25) |
wulawa |
3 (35) |
wulanjbadj |
4 (45) |
wulawulal |
5 (105) |
marangandjbugidj |
6 (115) |
maralibalinala mari anjbadj |
7 (125) |
maralibalinala mari wulawa |
8 (135) |
maralibalinala mari wulanjbadj |
9 (145) |
maralibalinala mari wulawulal |
10 (205) |
wurumulumara ngandjabugidj |
15 (305) |
wurumulumbulanbadj |
20 (405) |
wurumulumbulalwulal |
Sample text
Ba-marang-dhayiyn
Ba-marang-gagagiyn
B a-marang-dhayiyn
Ba-marang-jaljaliyn
Ba-wan.ngang “hokey pokey”
Badhawawa-rumiyn
Aba dani-yung-bugij
(the Hokey Pokey in Wubuy)[12]
Notes
- ABS. "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". stat.data.abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- N128 Nunggubuyu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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- "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. UNESCO. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- "2016 Census QuickStats: Anindilyakwa (Groote)". www.censusdata.abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- Davidson, Helen (6 September 2016). "We talk in Wubuy but children reply in Kriol – Numbulwar school on a language rescue mission". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- Nicholas Evans, 2003, Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune, vol. 1
- Baker, Brett. (2004). "Stem forms and paradigm reshaping in Gunwinyguan." In Koch, H. & Bowern, C. eds. Australian languages: Classification and the comparative method. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing, pp. 313-40, 669-79.
- Van Egmond, M-E. (2012). "Enindhilyakwa phonology, morphosyntax and genetic position." Doctoral thesis. University of Sydney. pp. 314–70.
- Heath (1984): p. 12.
- Capell, A. "A New Approach to Australian Linguistics", Oceania linguistic monographs 1 (1956), Sydney: University of Sydney, p. 68. Cited in John Harris, "Facts and Fallacies of Aboriginal Number Systems Archived 2007-08-31 at the Wayback Machine", SIL work paper series B, volume 8 (1982), p. 161.
- "We talk in Wubuy but children reply in Kriol – Numbulwar school on a language rescue mission". TheGuardian.com. 6 September 2016.
References
External links
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Paman languages |
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- Barunggam
- Dappil
- Gabi-Gabi
- Gureng Gureng
- Wakawaka
- Wuliwuli
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Yotayotic | |
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Kulinic | Kolakngat
Kulin |
- Bunurong
- Dja Dja Wurrung
- Ledji-Ledji
- Madhi-Madhi
- Taungurung
- Wadi-Wadi
- Wathaurong
- Wemba-Wemba
- Woiwurrung
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Mayi | |
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Wati | |
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Other |
- Baagandji
- Bulloo River (old Wangkumara/Garlali)
- Muruwari
- Yardli
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Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages |
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Pama–Nyungan subgroups | Southeastern | Victorian P–N | |
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New South Wales P–N | |
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North Coast |
- Durubalic
- Bandjalangic
- Gumbaynggiric
- Waka–Kabic
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Northern | | Paman |
- Northern Paman
- Middle Paman
- Lamalamic
- Southwest Paman
- Southern Paman
- Flinders Island
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Maric |
- Northern
- Eastern
- Southern
- Bidyara–Gungabula
- Margany–Gunya
- Bindal ?
- Guwa–Yanda ?
- Kingkel ?
- Lower Burdekin ?
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Dyirbalic | |
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Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic |
- Guugu Yimidihirr
- Kuku Yalanji
- Yidiny
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Gulf | |
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Central | Arandic–Thura–Yura | |
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Karnic |
- Northern (Palku)
- Western
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- Eastern
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Western | Yolŋu | |
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Ngarna/Warluwarric | |
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Desert Nyungic |
- Marrngu
- Ngumpin–Yapa
- Wati
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South-West P–N |
- Pilbara
- Ngayarda
- Kanyara–Mantharta
- Kartu–Nhanda
- Mirning
- Nyunga
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Others | |
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Tangkic | |
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Garrwan |
- Garawa (Garrwa, north)
- Waanyi (Wanji, south)
- Gunindiri (Kurnindirri, southwest)
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Macro-Gunwinyguan ? | Maningrida | |
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Marran | |
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Gunwinyguan proper | Western | |
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Central |
- Bininj Kunwok (Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
- Kunbarlang
- Dalabon (Ngalkbun)
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Yangmanic–Wagiman? | |
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other isolates | |
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Iwaidjan | Central (Warrkbi) | |
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Eastern (Goulburn Island) | |
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Southern | |
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Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |
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Darwin Region ? | | Limilngan–Wulna? | |
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Umbugarlic | |
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Daly River Sprachbund | |
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Mirndi |
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Jarrakan | |
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Bunuban | |
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Worrorran | |
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Nyulnyulan | Western (Nyulnyulic) | |
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Eastern (Dyukun) | |
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isolates | |
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Tasmanian family-level groups | Western |
- Northwestern Tasmanian (Peerapper)
- Southwestern Tasmanian (Toogee) ?
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Northern | |
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Northeastern | |
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Eastern | |
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На других языках
- [en] Nunggubuyu language
[fr] Nunggubuyu
Le nunggubuyu ou wubuy est une langue aborigène d'Australie, qui est parlée dans l'est de la Terre d'Arnhem, en Australie septentrionale. Cette langue est classée comme "très en danger" par l'UNESCO.
[it] Lingua nunggubuyu
La lingua nunggubuyu, detta anche nunggubuju, wubuy e yingkwira, è una lingua aborigena australiana parlata in Australia, nel Territorio del Nord.[1]
[ru] Нунггубую
Нунггубую — австралийский язык, распространённый среди народа Нунггубую[en]. Это основной традиционный язык, на котором говорят в общине Нумбулвар на Северной территории[1] Этот язык классифицируется ЮНЕСКО как находящийся под серьёзной угрозой исчезновения[2], который используют только 272 человека по данным 2016 года[3].
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