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Alagwa (Alaagwa’isa) is a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma region.[2] Some Alagwa have shifted to other languages such as Sandawe.

Alagwa
Native toTanzania
RegionDodoma region
EthnicityAlagwa
Native speakers
30,000 (2003)[1]
Language family
Afro-Asiatic
  • Cushitic
    • South
      • West Rift
        • NW Rift
          • Alagwa
Language codes
ISO 639-3wbj
Glottologalag1248
ELPAlagwa

Grammar



Phonology


Alagwa has five vowels (/a, e, i, u, o/). The five vowels have contrastive long counterparts [3] and there are two diphthongs (/ay, aw/). Alagwa also has 29 consonants, including ejectives (/ts, q, qʷ/), pharyngeal fricatives( /ħ, ʕ/), and labialized velars and uvulars. [4]

There are two tone levels in Alagwa: low and high tone e.g., darimbáa "grass". Tone has grammatical function and limited lexical function. However, it cannot be described as a tone language because some words have only one tone (despite the number of the syllables) and the majority have none.[3]

Mainly, there are two intonation types: concluding intonation and non-concluding.[3]


Word order


Alagwa sentences have a generalized order [Subject X Auxiliary Y Verb Z], and elements of the sentence other than the subject appear in the positions labelled X, Y, and Z, depending on their information status in the clause. New material tends to appear in the post-verbal position, Z, while old information appears in the pre-auxiliary position, X.

The following example (Kiessling 2007:138) shows the noun yaawáa 'dowry' introduced as new information after the verb in the first sentence and repeated as old information before the auxiliary ningi in the second sentence.

makimoo-w-ód,

guy-M-D

ning-aa

SEQ:S3-ABL

xay-ee’

come:3-PF.PL

ningi

SEQ:S3

bu’-i-yee’

pay-3-PF.PL

yaawáa

dowry

makimoo-w-ód, ning-aa xay-ee’ ningi bu’-i-yee’ yaawáa

guy-M-D SEQ:S3-ABL come:3-PF.PL SEQ:S3 pay-3-PF.PL dowry

'that guy, they [i.e. the lions] came and paid the dowry.' Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

maa

so

dende’ee-w-ós

folks-N-3SG.POSS

yaawáa

dowry

ningi

SEQ:O3PL

bu’-i-yee’

pay-3-PF.PL

maa dende’ee-w-ós yaawáa ningi bu’-i-yee’

so folks-N-3SG.POSS dowry SEQ:O3PL pay-3-PF.PL

'His folks paid the dowry.' Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);


References


  1. Alagwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  3. Mous, Maarten (2016). Alagwa--a South Cushitic language of Tanzania: grammar, texts and lexicon. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. p. 18. ISBN 978-3-89645-492-8. OCLC 982490560.
  4. Maghway, Josephat B. (2008). "Alaagwa'isa phonology". Occasional Papers in Linguistics (OPiL). 3: 82–96.

Bibliography




На других языках


[de] Alagwa

Alagwa (Alagwaisa, auch bekannt als Alaagwa’isa, Alagwase, Alawa, Asi, Chasi, Hhagiree, Kialagwa, Kichase, Uassi, Waasi und Wasi) ist eine südkuschitische Sprache, welche von 53'000 Personen im Kondoa-Distrikt in Tansania gesprochen wird.[1]
- [en] Alagwa language

[fr] Alagwa (langue)

L’alagwa est une langue couchitique parlée en Tanzanie au nord de Kondoa[2].



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