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Shambala or Shambaa is a Bantu language of Tanzania.

This article is about the African language. For other uses, see Shambala (disambiguation).
Shambala
kishambaa
Native toTanzania
EthnicityShambaa people
Native speakers
660,000 (2001)[1]
Language family
Niger–Congo?
Language codes
ISO 639-3ksb
Glottologsham1280
G.23[2]

Overview


Shambala, also Kishambala, (ki)Sambaa, (ki)Shambaa is spoken by the Shambaa in the Usambara mountains in the Lushoto District and Muheza District, Tanga Region, of northern Tanzania. Some dialectal variation exists between the language as spoken in the area around Lushoto and the areas around Mlalo and Mtae, possibly also between the Shambaa of the Western Usambara Mountains and the Eastern Usambara Mountains.


Phonology



Vowels


Five vowels are noted as [i, ɛ, a, ɔ, u].


Consonants


Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop/
Affricate		 voiceless p t tʃ k
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
vl. prenasal ᵐ̥p ⁿ̥t ᵑ̊k
vd. prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑɡ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced v z ɣ
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant w l j

The diacritics within prenasal voiceless plosives are devoiced as [ᵐ̥ ⁿ̥ ᵑ̊].[3]


References


  1. Shambala at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. Riedel, Kristina (2009). The syntax of object marking in Sambaa: A comparative Bantu perspective. University of Leiden.



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