Hadiyya (speakers call it Hadiyyisa, others sometimes call it Hadiyigna, Adiya, Adea, Adiye, Hadia, Hadiya, Hadya) is the language of the Hadiya people of Ethiopia. It is a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afroasiatic family. Most speakers live in the Hadiya Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR).[2]
Hadiyya | |
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Native to | Ethiopia |
Region | Hadiya Zone of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region |
Ethnicity | Hadiya |
Native speakers | 1,300,000 (2007 census)[1] |
Language family | Afro-Asiatic
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Dialects |
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Writing system | Latin, Ge’ez |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | hdy |
Glottolog | hadi1240 |
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The closely related Libido language, located just to the north in the Mareko district of Gurage Zone, is very similar lexically, but has significant morphological differences. Hadiyya has a set of complex consonant phonemes consisting of a glottal stop and a sonorant: /ʔr/, /ʔj/, /ʔw/, /ʔl/.
In their book (English version 1999) Braukämper and Mishago compiled a reasonable size collection of the presently vanishing art of traditional songs of Hadiyya. The lyrics adhere to the strict rule of Hadiyya traditional poetry where rhythmical rhyming occurs at the beginning of the verse.[3]
The New Testament of the Christian Bible has been translated into Hadiyya, published by the Bible Society of Ethiopia in 1993. It was originally done using the traditional Ethiopic syllabary. A later printing used the Latin alphabet.
LETTER (LARGE/SMALL) | NAME/SOUND | EXAMPLE HADIYYISA WORD(S) |
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A a | [a] | mato (one), Waa’aa (God) |
B b | [ba] | baxo (work), lobakata (much, many) |
C c | [t∫’a] | maceesee (hear me), cawoomoo (I’ll be silent) |
CH ch | [t∫a] | manchoo (man), heechaa (life) |
D d | [da] | daddaraanchoo (merchant), danaamoo (good, beautiful) |
E e | [e] | neesee (us), eranee (well, good) |
F f | [fa] | hoffanee (small), fatakimaa or fatahimaa (to release) |
G g | [ga] | gatisima (to save, to secure), gaga (self) |
H h | [ha] | hasee (find it), halichoo (donkey) |
I i | [i] | iihanee (mine), hinkid (how) |
J j | [dʒa] | joraa (bad), jagara (small residence usually next to a bigger one) |
K k | [ka] | ka (‘you’ for male), kuk (this) |
L l | [la] | lelee (play), laroo (cows) |
M m | [ma] | ma’ccee (ear), maree (go) |
N n | [na] | nafaraa (meadow in front area), neesee (us) |
NY ny | [ɲa] | adapted for loan words such as ‘sanyo’ (monday) of Amharic |
O o | [o] | meenticcoo (woman or the woman), woroon (below) |
P p | [pa] | adapted for loan words such as politics from English, and police from Amharic/English. However, monolingual Hadiya actually change the sound to [ba] in their speech |
PH ph | [p’a] | aphisee (hit it), ccoophaaroo’o (food – minsed meat/greens in butter & spices) |
Q q | [k’a] | qoxaraa (strong), ha’qaa (wood) |
R r | [ra] | hurbaata (food), woro’nee (in) |
S s | [sa] | lasagee (later), so’oo (barley) |
SH sh | [∫a] | shokkiissoohanee (hot, burning), bashillaa (far) |
T t | [ta] | diinatee (money or cattle), matayanoo (being busy) |
TS ts | [s’a] | adapted for loan words such as ‘tsom’ (fasting) of Amharic |
U u | [u] | Uulla (earth or one’s plot/plat), hundam (all of it) |
V v | [va] | adapted for loan words such as ‘university’ of English |
W w | [wa] | weeraa (cedar tree), wo’oo (water) |
X x | [t’a] | wiximaa (seeding), iix (he) |
Y y | [ya] | iiyyimaa (carrying), malayyee (strength, force) |
Z z | [za] | zara (race or ethnic group) |
ZH zh | [ʒa] | adapted for loan words such as ‘gezhii’ (governor) of Amharic |
‘ (no allograph) | [ʔa] | ki’aakka’a (rising), liira’imito’oo (they rejoiced) |
Languages of Ethiopia | |||||||||
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Official language | |||||||||
Regional languages |
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Immigrant languages | |||||||||
Sign languages |
Cushitic languages | |||||||||||||||
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North Cushitic | |||||||||||||||
Agaw | |||||||||||||||
Highland East | |||||||||||||||
Lowland East |
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Dullay | |||||||||||||||
South | |||||||||||||||
Italics indicate extinct languages |