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Hehe, also known by its native name Kihehe [kihehe], is a Bantu language that is spoken by the Hehe people of the Iringa region of Tanzania, lying south of the Great Ruaha River.[3] It was reported to have "Ngoni" features, that is, words of a Zulu-like language introduced when conquered by a Nguni or Zulu-like people in the early 19th century.[citation needed] However, other "Ngoni" speeches seem to have lost most of these distinctive features over the past 150-odd years, the language more resembling those of the neighbouring peoples.[citation needed] In 1977 it was estimated that 190,000 people spoke Hehe.[citation needed] There has been some Bible translation (British and Foreign Bible Society). Hehe may be mutually intelligible with Bena.[3]
| Hehe | |
|---|---|
| Kihehe | |
| Native to | Tanzania |
| Ethnicity | Hehe |
Native speakers | 810,000 (2006)[1] |
Language family | Niger–Congo?
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | heh |
| Glottolog | hehe1240 |
G.62[2] | |
| Linguasphere | 99-AUS-ua |
Grammar
Hehe has 15 noun classes, marked with prefixes.[4]
Hehe has a complex tense-aspect-mood system.[5]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | |
| voiced | v | (z) | ||||
| prenasal | ⁿz | |||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
- [ʍ] can be heard as an allophone of /w/ among speakers in free variation.
- [z] occurs in the language, but is mainly heard as an allophone of /s/ after nasal sounds, or as a result of Swahili loanwords.[6]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Low | a aː |
References
- Hehe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- Dwyer, D. J., Yankee, E., & Michigan State Univ., E. r. (1985). African Language Resource Handbook: A Resource Handbook of the Eighty-two Highest Priority African Languages. Prepublication Edition. http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED256170.pdf
- David Odden, Introducing Phonology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 177.
- Mtavangu, Norbert (2008). "Tense and aspect in Ikihehe". Occasional Papers in Linguistics. 3: 34–41.
- Johnson, Martha B. (2015). A Contribution toward a Kihehe Grammar.
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На других языках
- [en] Hehe language
[fr] Hehe (langue)
Le hehe (ou kihehe, ehe, ekiehe) est une langue bantoue parlée en Tanzanie. C'est la langue maternelle des Hehes.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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