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The Cabécar language is an indigenous American language of the Chibchan language family which is spoken by the Cabécar people in Costa Rica. Specifically, it is spoken in the inland Turrialba Region of the Cartago Province. 80% of speakers are monolingual;[2] as of 2007, it is the only indigenous language in Costa Rica with monolingual adults.[1] The language is also known by its dialect names Chirripó, Estrella, Telire, and Ujarrás.[1]

Cabécar
Native toCosta Rica
RegionTurrialba Region (Cartago Province)
EthnicityCabécar people 9,300 (2000)[1]
Native speakers
8,800 (2000)[1]
80% monolingual (no date)[2]
Language family
Chibchan
Writing system
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3cjp
Glottologcabe1245
ELPCabécar

History


Cabécar is considered to be one of a few "Chibcha-speaking tribes", categorized by similarities in the languages that they speak. Other Chibcha speaking tribes include the Bribri and the Boruca, also of Costa Rica. It is believed that the languages of the Chibcha speaking tribes shared a common ancestor around 8,000 years ago. However, differences in the languages are thought to have come about from the influence of outside people, including influences from Mesoamerica.[3]


Geographic distribution


Cabécar is an endangered language spoken in Costa Rica. It is spoken by the Cabécar people, an indigenous group located near the Talamancan mountains of Costa Rica.[3]


Dialects and varieties


There are two different dialects of Cabécar, each of which has more narrow dialects within it. One of these is spoken in the north, while the other is spoken in southern parts of Costa Rica.[4]


Phonology


Cabécar uses a Latin alphabet with umlauts for (ë, ö), and tildes for (ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ).[5] Cabécar has twelve vowels, five of which are nasalized.[5]


Consonants


Bilabial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Plosive plain p p t t t͡ʃ ch k k
voiced b b d d d͡ʒ y
Fricative s s ʃ sh h j
Affricate t͡k tk t͡s ts
Flap ɽ r
Nasal ŋ

Vowels


Vowels
Front Central Back
High oral i i u u
nasal ĩ ũ
Near-high ɪ ë ʊ ö
Mid-high oral e e o o
nasal õ
Low oral a a
nasal ã

[6]


Grammar


Cabécar has a canonical word order of subject–object–verb.[1]


References


  1. Cabécar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Cabécar language at Ethnologue (10th ed., 1984). Note: Data may come from the 9th edition (1978).
  3. Barrantes, R.; Smouse, P.E.; Mohrenweiser, H.W.; Gershowitz, H.; Azofeifa, J.; Arias, T.D.; Neel, J.V. (1990). "Microevolution in Lower Central America: Genetic Characterization of the Chibcha-Speaking Groups of Costa Rica and Panama, and a Consensus Taxonom Based on Genetic and Linguistic Affinity". American Journal of Human Genetics. 43: 63–84.
  4. Margery-Peña, Enrique; Constenla-Umaña, Adolfo (16 February 2010). "Cabécar, Costa Rica". University of Costa Rica.
  5. Native-languages.org
  6. Peña, Enrique Margery (1989). Diccionario cabécar-español, español-cabécar. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica. ISBN 9789977671000.

Resources





На других языках


- [en] Cabécar language

[es] Idioma cabécar

El cabécar es una lengua indígena costarricense. Es hablada por la comunidad cabécar en la región costarricense de Talamanca. Pertenece a la familia lingüística chibchense, motivo por el cual se encuentra emparentada con otros idiomas regionales, como el téribe, el bribri, el boruca, el guaimí y el malecu.

[fr] Cabécar

Le cabécar (sá jé ditsö́ ktö́ en cabécar) est une langue amérindienne parlée par les Cabécars, un peuple du Costa Rica.



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