Primary language families |
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Africa |
- Afroasiatic
- Austronesian
- Khoe–Kwadi
- Kx'a
- Niger–Congo
- Nilo-Saharan?
- Tuu
- Mande?
- Songhay?
- Ijaw?
- Ubangian?
- Kadu?
| Isolates | |
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Eurasia (Europe and Asia) |
- Afroasiatic
- Ainu
- Altaic?
- Austroasiatic
- Austronesian
- Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Dravidian
- Eskimo–Aleut
- Great Andamanese
- Hmong–Mien
- Hurro-Urartian
- Indo-European
- Japonic
- Kartvelian
- Koreanic
- Kra–Dai
- Mongolic
- Nivkh
- North Caucasian?
- Northeast Caucasian
- Northwest Caucasian
- Ongan
- Sino-Tibetan
- Tungusic
- Turkic
- Tyrsenian
- Uralic
- Yeniseian
- Yukaghir
- Digaro?
- Hrusish?
- Kho-Bwa?
- Miju?
- Siangic?
| Isolates | |
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New Guinea and the Pacific |
- Arai–Samaia
- Austronesian
- Binanderean–Goilalan
- Border
- Bulaka River
- Central Solomons
- Chimbu–Wahgi
- Demta–Sentani
- Doso–Turumsa
- East Geelvink Bay
- East New Britain
- East Strickland
- Eleman
- Engan
- Fas
- Foja Range
- Kaure–Kosare
- Kiwaian
- Kutubuan
- Lakes Plain
- Lower Mamberamo
- Lower Sepik
- Madang
- Mairasi
- North Bougainville
- Pauwasi
- Ramu
- Senagi
- Senu River
- Sepik
- Skou
- South Bougainville
- Teberan
- Torricelli
- Trans-Fly
- Trans–New Guinea
- Turama–Kikorian
- Upper Yuat
- West Papuan
- Yam
- Yawa
- Yuat
- Northwest Papuan?
- Papuan Gulf?
| Isolates | |
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Australia |
- Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan?
- Bunuban
- Darwin Region?
- Eastern Daly
- Eastern Tasmanian
- Garawan
- Iwaidjan
- Jarrakan
- Marrku–Wurrugu?
- Mirndi
- Northern Tasmanian
- Northeastern Tasmanian
- Nyulnyulan
- Pama–Nyungan
- Southern Daly?
- Tangkic
- Wagaydyic
- Western Daly
- Western Tasmanian
- Worrorran
- Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?
| Isolates | |
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North America |
- Algic
- Alsea
- Caddoan
- Chimakuan
- Chinookan
- Chumashan
- Comecrudan
- Coosan
- Eskimo–Aleut
- Iroquoian
- Kalapuyan
- Keres
- Maiduan
- Muskogean
- Na-Dene
- Palaihnihan
- Plateau Penutian
- Pomoan
- Salishan
- Shastan
- Siouan
- Tanoan
- Tsimshianic
- Utian
- Uto-Aztecan
- Wakashan
- Wintuan
- Yukian
- Yuman–Cochimí
| Isolates | |
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Mesoamerica |
- Chibchan
- Jicaquean
- Lencan
- Mayan
- Misumalpan
- Mixe–Zoque
- Oto-Manguean
- Tequistlatecan
- Totonacan
- Uto-Aztecan
- Xincan
| Isolates | |
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South America |
- Andoque–Urequena
- Arauan
- Araucanian
- Arawakan
- Arutani–Sape
- Aymaran
- Barbacoan
- Boran
- Cahuapanan
- Cariban
- Catacaoan
- Chapacuran
- Charruan
- Chibchan
- Choco
- Chonan
- Guaicuruan
- Guajiboan
- Harákmbut–Katukinan
- Jirajaran
- Jivaroan
- Katembri–Taruma
- Mascoian
- Matacoan
- Nadahup
- Nambikwaran
- Otomákoan
- Pano-Tacanan
- Peba–Yaguan
- Quechuan
- Piaroa–Saliban
- Ticuna–Yuri
- Timotean
- Tiniguan
- Tucanoan
- Tupian
- Uru–Chipaya
- Witotoan
- Yanomaman
- Zamucoan
- Zaparoan
- Bora–Witoto languages?
- Chimuan?
- Esmeralda–Yaruro?
- Hibito–Cholón?
- Lule–Vilela?
- Macro-Jê?
- Tequiraca–Canichana?
| Isolates (extant in 2000) | |
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Sign languages | | Isolates |
- See list of sign languages
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See also |
- Constructed languages
- Creoles
- Language isolates
- Mixed languages
- Pidgins
- Unclassified languages
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- Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
- Families in italics have no living members.
- Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.
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