lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageInor (pronounced [inoːr]), sometimes called Ennemor, is an Afroasiatic language spoken in central Ethiopia. One of the Gurage languages, it is mainly spoken within the Gurage Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, as well as by speakers of the language who have settled in Ethiopian cities, especially Addis Ababa. In addition to the morphological complexity that is common to all Semitic languages, Inor exhibits the very complex morphophonology characteristic of West Gurage languages.
Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia
Inor |
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Native to | Ethiopia |
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Native speakers | (undated figure of 280,000)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | ior |
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Glottolog | inor1238 |
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Endegegn, Enner, Gyeto, and the extinct dialect Mesmes are all sometimes considered dialects of Inor.
Inor possesses nasal vowels, which are unusual for a Gurage language. Many of these may be the result of historical rhinoglottophilia.
Phonology
Consonants
Inor consonants[2]
|
labial |
alveolar |
alveo- palatal |
palatal |
velar |
glottal |
plain |
labial |
plain |
palatal |
labial |
plain |
labial |
Stops and affricates |
ejective |
| | t’ | tʃ’ | | k’ | kʲ’ | kʷ’ | | |
voiceless |
p | pʷ | t | tʃ | | k | kʲ | kʷ | ʔ | ʔʷ |
voiced |
b | bʷ | d | dʒ | | ɡ | ɡʲ | ɡʷ | | |
Fricatives |
voiceless |
f | fʷ | s | ʃ | | x | xʲ | xʷ | | |
voiced |
| | z | ʒ | | | | | | |
Nasals |
m | mʷ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | | | | |
Approximants |
plain |
β̞ | | (l) | | j | | | w | | |
nasalized |
β̞̃ | | | | | | | | | |
Rhotics |
plain |
| | r | | | | | | | |
nasalized |
| | r̃ | | | | | | | |
Vowels
Inor vowels[3]
| front | central | back |
high |
i | ɨ | u |
mid |
e | ə | o |
low |
æ | | a |
[ɨ] may be regarded as largely epenthetic and only marginally phonemic.[4]
References
Bibliography
- Berhanu Chamora. "Consonant distribution in Inor", in: G. Hudson (ed.), Essays on Gurage Language and Culture (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag), pp. 53–67.
- Chamora, Berhanu; Hetzron, Robert (2000), Inor, Munich: Lincom Europa, ISBN 3-89586-977-5
- Bustorf, Dirk. (2005). "Ennämor Ethnography”, in: Siegbert Uhlig (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 2: D-Ha, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 307-08.
- Boivin, Robert (1996). "Spontaneous Nasalization in Inor", in: G. Hudson (ed.), Essays on Gurage Language and Culture (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag), pp. 21–33.
- Hetzron, R. (1977). The Gunnän-Gurage Languages. Napoli: Istituto Orientale di Napoli.
- Leslau, W. (1979). Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic). 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-02041-5
- Leslau, W. (1983). Ethiopians Speak: Studies in Cultural Background. Part V : Chaha - Ennemor. Äthiopistische Forschungen, Band 16. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 3-515-03965-1
- Leslau, W. (1996). "Inor Lullabies", in: Africa 66/2, pp. 280–287.
- Voigt, Rainer.(2005). "Ennämor Language”, in: Siegbert Uhlig (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 2: D-Ha, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 307.
Languages of Ethiopia |
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Official language | |
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Regional languages | Ethiosemitic | |
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Cushitic | |
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Omotic | |
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Nilo-Saharan | |
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Immigrant languages | |
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Sign languages | |
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Semitic languages |
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East | |
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West | Central | |
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South | Ethiopic | |
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Modern South Arabian | |
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Old South Arabian | |
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- Italics indicate extinct or historical languages.
- Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.
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Authority control: National libraries  | |
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На других языках
[de] Inor (Sprache)
Inor (.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}[ino:r]), manchmal auch Ennemor genannt, ist eine semitische Sprache, die im zentralen Äthiopien gesprochen wird, hauptsächlich in der Gurage-Zone der Region der südlichen Nationen, Nationalitäten und Völker sowie von Sprechern dieser Sprache, die in äthiopische Städte gezogen sind, insbesondere in Addis Abeba.
- [en] Inor language
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