lingvo.wikisort.org - Language
Neo is an international auxiliary language created by Arturo Alfandari, a Belgian diplomat of Italian descent. It combines features of Esperanto, Ido, Novial, and Volapük. The root base of Neo is closely related to French, with some influence from English.
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
| Neo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Created by | Arturo Alfandari |
| Date | 1961 |
| Setting and usage | International auxiliary language |
| Purpose | Constructed language
|
| Sources | Most of the vocabulary from Romance and some from Germanic languages; phonology from Romance and Slavic languages |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Akademio de Neo (now defunct) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | neu |
Linguist List | neu |
| Glottolog | neoa1234 |
History
The basic version of Neo was published in 1937 by Arturo Alfandari. It attracted attention in 1961 when Alfandari published his books Cours Pratique de Neo and The Rapid Method of Neo. The works included both brief and complete grammars, learning course of 44 lectures, translations of literary works, scientific and technical texts, idioms, detailed bidirectional French and English dictionaries. The total volume of the publications was 1,304 pages, with dictionaries numbering some 75,000 words.
The language combines the features of Esperanto or Ido, with the same goal: a simple, neutral and easy-to-learn second language for everybody.
Neo attracted the interest of the circle around the International Language Review, a periodical for IAL proponents whose publishers co-founded the international Friends of Neo (Amikos de Neo) with Alfandari; the organization also published its bulletin, the Neo-bulten. For a few years it looked like Neo could give some serious competition to Esperanto and Interlingua.
As Alfandari's health worsened, to avoid disappearance of his language, he founded a second, more serious organization: the Academy of Neo (Akademio de Neo), with the task of regulating, nurturing and spreading the language; but the organization was not very successful. Progress was cut short by Alfandari's death in 1969 and the language was mostly forgotten.[1]
Overview
Grammatically, the language is mostly influenced by Ido and Esperanto; though some characteristics such as a plural -s and natural-appearing pronouns come from naturalistic IALs like Interlingua and Interlingue.
The way of forming the vocabulary and the preference for short, monosyllabic words show a substantial Volapük influence but, unlike the latter's roots which are often changed and mutilated beyond recognition, the Neo roots are easily recognizable as Romance.
It is also notable for its terseness, which exceeds that of English or any International auxiliary language (IAL) of the a priori type, which makes it very compact and brief in expression, and for the facility of its grammar whose overview occupies only two pages.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | |||||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | h | ||||||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | dʒ | |||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | |
Orthography
Alphabet
| Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | - | - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper case | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | SH | TS |
| Lower case | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | sh | ts |
| IPA phoneme | a | b | t͡ʃ | d | e | f | g | h | i | d͡ʒ | k | l | m | n | o | p | kw | r | s | t | u | v | w | ks | j | z | ʃ | t͡s |
Neo uses the 26 letters of the standard Roman alphabet: 5 vowels and 21 consonants. When spelling a word, the letters have an -e ending:
a, be, ce, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, qe, re, se, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze.
Pronunciation
| Neo | English approximation |
|---|---|
| c (ch) | chair, such |
| g | garden, log |
| j | jewel, badge |
| q (kw) | quart, liquid |
| s | some, mash |
| sh | shall, mash |
| ts | tsetse, lots |
| w | wing, southwest |
| x (ks) | oxen, taxes |
| y | yarn, yogurt |
The c has the same pronunciation as the digraph ch; both are pronounced as in English words like chalk or chimney, and in borrowed Italian words like ciao or bocconcini, never with the 'k' sound in care or the 's' sound in certain. The g always has the “hard” pronunciation of get or good, never the “soft” pronunciation of gem or giant. The s is always unvoiced, never pronounced with the 'z' sound in rose or the 'zh' sound in leisure.
Other letters, including the vowels, are pronounced as in Esperanto. Words with the letters q (not pronounced 'kjoo' but as in English 'qu') and x (pronounced 'ks' without an initial vowel) may optionally be spelled with kw and ks, respectively. Each letter is always spoken in the same way, except that final h is silent in a few borrowed words like pashah, muftih, kadih, papah, mamah.
Spelling
All words are written with initial small letters (minuscules), except for proper nouns and the first word of a sentence.
Stress
Words ending in a vowel have a stress accent on the second-last syllable. Words ending in a consonant have a stress accent on the last syllable.
| Neo | English meaning |
|---|---|
| libro | book |
| patro | father |
| kemio | chemistry |
| folyo | leaf |
| garden | garden |
| amik | friend |
The plural -s or -os does not affect the stress accent.
| Neo | English meaning |
|---|---|
| libros | books |
| gardenos | gardens |
| amikos | friends |
In the combinations uo, au and eu, the vowels are to be pronounced separately, not as diphthongs. Nevertheless, the stress accent does not fall on the u in these vowel combinations.
| Neo | English meaning |
|---|---|
| linguo | language |
| auto | automobile |
| neutra | neuter (grammatical gender) |
Grammar
The articles are invariable:
- lo (the): lo frato, lo soro, lo arbro → l'arbro
- un (a/an): un arbro
Adjectives end in a and are invariable:
- un bona soro, un bona frato, lo bona fratos (no s added to lo, nor to bona)
Adverbs end in e and are invariable:
- bon → bone
Singular nouns end in o, which can be dropped, as long as the pronunciations remain very easy.[2] Plural nouns end in os.
- arbro, frat(o), sor(o), arbros
| English | Subject | Object | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | mi | me | ma |
| you | tu | te | ta |
| he | il | le | la |
| she | el | le/ley | la |
| it | it | le/it | la |
| (reflexive) | so | se | sa |
| we | nos | ne | na |
| you | vu | ve | va |
| they (m.)[citation needed] | zi | ze | za |
| they (f.) | zel | ze/zey | za |
There is also the pronoun ziel for mixed-sex group.[3]
- Mi vidar te = I see you
- Tu vidar me = You see me
Verbs:
- Present: ar → mi vidar (I see)
- Past: ir → mi vidir (I saw/have seen)
- Future: or → mi vidor (I will see)
- Conditional: ur → mi vidur (I would see)
- Imperative/infinitive: iu or u (the latter for polysyllabic verbs) → vidu! (See!)
- Past participle: at → vidat (adjective: vidata) (seen)
- Present participle: ande → vidande (adjective: vidanda) (seeing)
- Future participle: inde → vidinde (adjective: vidinda) (will be seen)
Samples
The Lord's Prayer
Na Patro ki sar in cel,
siu ta nom santat.
Venu ta regno.
Siu fat ta vol,
asben in cel, as on ter.
Na shakida pan ne diu oje.
E ne pardonu na debos,
as nos pardonar na deberos.
E no ne induku in tentado,
mo ne fridu da mal.
Sentences
- Look before you leap. = Miru pri salti.
- Goodnight, Miss Wilson. = Bonnox, Damel Wilson.
- What do you call this in Neo? = Kom namar vu eto nee?
- Where are you going? = Qo tu?
- It's none of my business. = Eto no ma eco.
Numbers
- 1 un, 2 du, 3 tre, 4 qar, 5 qin, 6 sit, 7 sep, 8 ot, 9 non, 10 is
- 11 isun, 12 isdu
- 20 duis, 21 duisun, ... 30 treis, 40 qaris
- 100 ek, 1000 mil
- 5184 qinmil ek otis qar
- 3522 tremil qinek duis du
Wanderer's Nightsong (German: Wanderers Nachtlied) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
On tot cimos sar |
Up there all summits |
Über allen Gipfeln |
|
The Task by Douglas Blacklock
Vortos sirvar asben informo |
Words are used both to inform |
|
Lo diplomata linguos
Latin sir, us l'endo del issepa seklo, l'oficala linguo de diplomatio. Latine so redaktir lo tratalos e l'akordos e so skambir lo komunikos inte governos. Lo last gran tratal ridaktat latine sir lo de Westfalio, in 1648; depdan kauzel preeminenta plas trenat pe Franso, Latin pokpoke cedar plas a fransal; e fransal restar us l'enso d'et seklo - us 1918 - lo diplomata linguo, lo linguo de tot internasyona medos.
Ab 1918, lo diplomata linguos jar du: fransal e anglal. In et du linguos, sir meant lo negosados pol Versailles-Tratal e pol osa paxtratalos de 1919 e sir ridaktat et tratalos, amba linguos fande fid; dok no sen inkonvenos, lo du textos pande somyes determeni def interpretazos.
Do 1945, espanal, rusal e cinal sir an admitat as oficala linguos. Nos nun nel epok de tradukeros e interpretos.
(Gino Buti)
Ka sor l'avena diplomata linguo?
Sar nel internasyona riunos, konferensos e kongresos, dey num pluar idide, ke lo neso d'un monda adlinguo se far senti pluste.
Nilo samtempe plu groteska e plu afligifa qam lo spekto ofrat pel kongresistos munat kon udokaskos, ki tentar, sen sem riusi, kapi lo diskorsos pronuncat in def lingoes. Diskorsos tradukat aste pe interpretos, dey lo melestas sar force, konforme l'itala dikton: tradukeros, trazeros.
Es so exijur dal parpreneros lo kono d'un komuna adlinguo, ke zi pur apreni kon infana izeso, so fur ilke un enorma ekonomio de temp, dengo... e de malkomprenos.
(Arturo Alfandari)
References
- Harlow, Don (2000). "How To Build A Language: Neo". The Esperanto Book. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- Rapid Method of Neo, p. 10: not "tabl" or "libr" which may be difficult to pronounce
- Rapid Method of Neo, p. 16
Bibliography
- Arturo Alfandari, Cours pratique de NEO, Brussel, Éditions Brepols, 1961. (DJVU 23.3 MB)
- Arturo Alfandari, Méthode rapide de NEO, Brussel, Éditions Brepols, 1965. (DJVU 4.5 MB)
- Arturo Alfandari, Rapid method of NEO, Brussel, Éditions Brepols, 1966. (DJVU 4.7 MB)
External links
- Neo - a language conceived by Arturo Alfandari
- A blog in and on Neo
- A two-page overview
- The first 30 pages of The Rapid Method of Neo
- Neo Wiki on Miraheze
| Authority control: National libraries |
|---|
На других языках
[de] Neo (Plansprache)
Neo ist eine Plansprache, die bereits in den 1930er Jahren entwickelt und 1961 bzw. 1966 von dem Belgier Arturo Alfandari (1888–1969) in seinen Büchern „Cours pratique de Neo“ (1961) und „Rapid Method of Neo“ vorgestellt wurde.- [en] Neo language
[es] Idioma neo
Neo es un idioma artificial creado en 1937 por Arturo Alfandari (1888-1969), diplomático belga.[it] Lingua Neo
Il Neo è una lingua ausiliaria internazionale creata nel 1937 e perfezionata nel 1961 da Arturo Alfandari, diplomatico di origine italiana ma naturalizzato belga.[ru] Нэо
Нэо (neo) — проект искусственного (планового) международного языка, созданный бельгийским дипломатом и лингвистом Артуро Алфандари. Нэо является апостериорным, автономным языком и сочетает в себе черты эсперанто, идо, новиаля, окциденталя, волапюка. Корневая база языка и грамматика приближены (в сравнении с эсперанто и идо) к английскому языку.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии