lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageCentral Kalapuyan was a Kalapuyan language indigenous to the central and southern Willamette Valley in Oregon in the United States. It was spoken by various bands of the Kalapuya peoples who inhabited the valley up through the middle of the 19th century. The language is closely related to Northern Kalapuya, spoken in the Tualatin and Yamhill valleys. Dialects of Central Kalapuya that have been identified include:
- Ahantchuyuk dialect, spoken in the northeastern Willamette Valley along the Pudding and Molalla rivers
- Santiam dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along the lower Santiam River
- Luckiamute dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along the Luckiamute River
- Chepenafa dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along Marys River
- Chemapho dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along Muddy Creek
- Chelamela dialect, spoken in the southwestern Willamette Valley along the Long Tom River
- Tsankupi dialect, spoken in the southeastern Willamette Valley along the Calapooia River
- Winefelly-Mohawk dialects, spoken in the southeastern Willamette Valley along the McKenzie, Mohawk, and Coast Fork Willamette rivers
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
Central Kalapuya |
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Native to | United States |
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Region | Northwest Oregon |
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Extinct | c. 1954[1] with the death of John B. Hudson[2] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | kyl |
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Glottolog | kala1400 |
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Phonology
The phonology of the Santiam dialect, as described by Jacobs (1945) and analyzed by Banks (2007), is listed below.[3][4] Banks notes that Jacobs' analysis does not rigorously account for allophonic variation, and that, according to Jacobs, there may have been some interchangeability between the velar and uvular series.[4]
Consonants
|
Bilabial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Glottal |
plain | sibilant | lateral |
plain | lab. |
plain | lab. |
plain | lab. |
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain |
p |
t |
ts |
|
tʃ |
k |
kʷ |
q |
qʷ |
ʔ |
|
aspirated |
pʰ |
tʰ |
tsʰ |
|
tʃʰ |
kʰ |
kʷʰ |
qʰ |
qʷʰ |
|
|
ejective |
pʼ |
tʼ |
tsʼ |
|
tʃʼ |
kʼ |
kʷʼ |
qʼ |
qʷʼ |
|
|
Nasal |
m |
n |
|
|
|
ŋ |
|
|
|
|
|
Fricative |
ɸ |
|
s |
ɬ |
ʃ |
x |
|
χ |
|
h |
hʷ |
Approximant |
|
|
|
l |
j |
|
w |
|
|
|
|
The nasals [m] and [n] likely had syllabic forms: [m̩] and [n̩]. Jacobs possibly notes that the plosives also have voiced allophones, as [b], [d], [ɡ], [ɡʷ], [ɢ], and [ɢʷ]. Banks also notes that /h/, /hʷ/, /dz/, /dʒ/, and /ɸʷ/ may have been allophones.[4]
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i |
|
u |
Open-mid |
æ ~ ɛ |
|
ɔ |
Open |
|
a |
|
Santiam Kalapuya had three diphthongs: [ai], [au], and [ui]. Vowel length may have been phonemic, /ɔ/ may have been an allophone of /u/.[4]
References
External links
Penutian languages |
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Chinookan | |
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Plateau | |
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Takelma | |
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Kalapuyan | |
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Coast Oregon | |
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Wintuan | |
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Maiduan | |
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Yok-Utian | |
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Tsimshianic |
- Coast Tsimshian
- Gitksan
- Nisga’a
- Southern Tsimshian
|
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Italics indicate extinct languages |
Native peoples of Oregon history |
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Topics | | |
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Events |
- Bridge of the Gods
- Kalapuya Treaty
- Cayuse War
- Potlatch
- Missoula Floods
- Rogue River Wars
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Places | |
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People |
- Alsea
- Atfalati
- Bannock
- Cayuse
- Chetco
- Chinook
- Clackamas
- Clatsop
- Coquille
- Coos
- Kalapuya
- Klamath
- Klickitat
- Latgawa
- Modoc
- Molala
- Multnomah
- Nez Perce
- Northern Paiute
- Santiam
- Shasta
- Siletz
- Siuslaw
- Takelma
- Tillamook
- Tolowa
- Tututni
- Umatilla
- Umpquat
- Wasco/Wishram
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Oregon history |
- Native American peoples of Oregon history
- History to 1806
- Pioneer history
- Modern history
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Languages of Oregon |
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Italics indicate extinct languages |
Indigenous | Alsean | |
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Athabaskan | |
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Chinookan | |
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Coosan | |
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Kalapuyan | |
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Oregon Coast Penutian | |
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Plateau Penutian | |
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Sahaptian | |
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Salishan | |
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Unclassified | |
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Uto-Aztecan | |
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Immigrant | Indo-European | |
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French Sign | |
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Uralic | |
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- Category
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На других языках
- [en] Central Kalapuya language
[fr] Kalapuya central
Le kalapuya central est une langue amérindienne de la famille des langues kalapuyanes parlée aux États-Unis, le long de la rivière Willamette dans l'Ouest de l'Oregon. La langue est éteinte.
[ru] Центральный калапуянский язык
Центральный калапуянский язык (Central Kalapuya, Kalapuya, Lukamiute, Santiam, Wapatu) — мёртвый калапуянский язык, на котором раньше говорил народ калапуйя, который проживает в южной части долины Уилламетт на северо-западе штата Орегон в США. В настоящее время народ говорит на английском языке. У центрального калапуянского языка было много диалектов:
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