Northern Paiute/ˈpaɪuːt/,[2] endonym Numu,[3] also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994.[4]Ethnologue reported the number of speakers in 1999 as 1,631.[5] It is closely related to the Mono language.
Map showing the traditional geographic distribution of Northern Paiute and Mono
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Phonology
Northern Paiute's phonology is highly variable, and its phonemes have many allophones.[6]
Consonants
Bilabial
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Glottal
Plain
Lab.
Nasal
m
n
ŋ
Stop
p
t
k
kʷ
ʔ
Affricate
ts
tʃ
Fricative
s
h
Semivowel
w
j
Vowels
Front
Central
Back
Close
i
ɨ
u
Open-Mid
e
ɔ
Open
a
Language revitalization
In 2005, the Northwest Indian Language Institute of the University of Oregon formed a partnership to teach Northern Paiute and Kiksht in the Warm Springs Indian Reservation schools.[8] In 2013, Washoe County, Nevada became the first school district in Nevada to offer Northern Paiute classes, offering an elective course in the language at Spanish Springs High School.[9] Classes have also been taught at Reed High School in Sparks, Nevada.[10]
Elder Ralph Burns of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation worked with University of Nevada, Reno linguist Catherine Fowler to help develop a spelling system. The alphabet uses 19 letters. They have also developed a language-learning book, “Numa Yadooape,” and a series of computer disks of language lessons.[10]
Morphology
Northern Paiute is an agglutinative language, in which words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together.
References
Northern Paiute at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
Haynes, Erin Flynn (2010). "Phonetic and Phonological Acquisition in Endangered Languages Learned by Adults:
A Case Study of Numu (Oregon Northern Paiute)". PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley
Babel, Molly; Houser, Michael J.; Toosarvandani, Maziar (2012), "Mono Lake Northern Paiute", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42 (2): 240, doi:10.1017/S002510031100051X
Liljeblad, Sven, Catherine S. Fowler, & Glenda Powell. 2012. The Northern Paiute-Bannock Dictionary, with an English-Northern Paiute-Bannock Finder List and a Northern Paiute-Bannock-English Finder List. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. ISBN978-1-60781-030-8
Mithun, Marianne (1999). Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Snapp, Allen, John L. Anderson, and Joy Anderson. 1982. Northern Paiute. In Ronald W. Langacker, eds. Sketches in Uto-Aztecan grammar, III: Uto-Aztecan grammatical sketches. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics, 57(3) [The publication erroneously stated (56)3, but this has been amended in the PDF made available online by the publisher.] pp.1–92.
Thornes, Tim (2003). "A Northern Paiute Grammar with Texts". Ph.D. dissertation. University of Oregon-Eugene.
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