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Eperara a.k.a. Epena (Southern Embera) is an Embera language of Colombia, with about 250 speakers in Ecuador.

Eperara
Saija
Epena
Native to	Colombia
Native speakers	3,552 in Colombia and Ecuador (2004–2011)[1] plus an unknown number in Panama[2]
Language family	Chocoan Emberá Southern Eperara
Language codes
ISO 639-3	sja
Glottolog	epen1239
ELP	Epena

Geographic Distribution

Epena is spoken on the Pacific coastal rivers of the departments of Nariño, Cauca, and Valle del Cauca in Colombia. A major grouping of the Epena is found in Cauca along the Saija River and three of its major tributaries: the Guangüí, Infí, and Cupí. Social contact and intermarriage with the neighboring Wounaan is commonplace.[3]

The Basuradó dialect is spoken on the Basuradó River in the Department of the Chocó, near the Docampadó River. This is the only Epena dialect that differs significantly from the others.[3]

Orthography

• a - [a]
• ã - [ã]
• b - [b]
• ch - [t͡ʃ]
• d - [d]
• e - [e]
• ẽ - [ẽ]
• ë - [ə]
• ë̃ - [ə̃]
• g - [g]
• i - [i]
• ĩ - [ĩ]
• ï - [ɨ] (also written as ɨ in some texts)
• ï̃ - [ɨ̃]
• j - [h]
• k - [k]
• k' - [kʰ]
• m - [m]
• n - [n]
• o - [o]
• õ - [õ]
• p - [p]
• p' - [pʰ]
• r - [ɾ~r]
• s - [s]
• t - [t]
• t' - [tʰ]
• u - [u]
• ũ - [ũ]
• w - [w]
• y - [j]

Glottal stops are represented with hyphens.

Long vowels are doubled.

C, f, h, l, ñ, q, v, x, z are used in foreign words and names.[4]

Phonology[5]

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	plain	p	t		k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate				t͡ʃ
Fricative			s			h
Nasal		m	n
Liquid	trill		r
	tap		ɾ
Glide		w		j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ iː	ɨ ɨ̃ ɨː	u ũ uː
Mid	e ẽ eː	ə ə̃ əː	o õ oː
Low		a ã aː

Notes

Bibliography

• Harms, Phillip Lee. 1994. Epena Pedee Syntax. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington.

External links

• Epena (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

На других языках

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- [en] Eperara language

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[fr] Epena saija

L’epena saija (ou epena pedée, emberá saija, emberá basurudó) est une langue chocó, du sous-groupe des langues embera du Sud, parlée en Colombie dans les forêts tropicales qui bordent l'Océan Pacifique, dans les départements de Cauca, Nariño et Chocó. Quelques locuteurs vivent en Équateur.

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[ru] Эпена

Эпена (Cholo, Embera, Emberá-Saija, Epena, Epená, Epéna Pedée, Epená Saija, Saija, Southern Embera, Southern Empera, Southern Epena) — один из языков группы эмбера, на котором говорят в департаментах Каука, Нариньо, Чоко побережья Южной части Тихого океана в Колумбии, в городе Борбон побережья северной части Тихого океана в Эквадоре, а также на юго-востоке Панамы. Имеет диалект басурудо.

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