lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Bora is an indigenous language of South America spoken in the western region of Amazon rainforest. Bora is a tonal language which, other than the Ticuna language, is a unique trait in the region.

Bora
Meamuyna
Native to	Peru, Colombia
Ethnicity	Bora people
Native speakers	2,400 (2000)[1]
Language family	Bora–Witoto? Boran Bora
Language codes
ISO 639-3	boa
Glottolog	bora1263
ELP	Bora

The majority of its speakers reside in Peru and Colombia. Around 2,328 Bora speakers live in the areas of the northeast Yaguasyacu, Putumayo and Ampiyacu rivers of Peru. There are about 500 speakers of Bora also in Colombia in the Putumayo Department. Peruvian speakers have a 10 to 30% literacy rate and a 25 to 50% literacy rate in their second language of Spanish. ^{[citation needed]}

Early linguistic investigators thought that Bora was related to the Huitoto (Witoto) language, but there is very little similarity between the two. The confusion was most likely due to the frequent intermarriage between the tribes and the Ocaina dialect of Witotoan which has many Bora words.

Dialects

Miraña, a dialect of Bora, is spoken along the Caquetá-Japurá river which flows from Colombia to Brazil, and a few villages are there.

Bora proper has 94% mutual comprehensibility with the Miraña dialect.

Another dialect of Bora, Murnane, which has about a 50% comprehensibility with Bora and Miraña, is spoken along tributaries of the Caquetá River in central Colombia.

Loukotka (1968) lists these dialects of Bora:[2]

• Bora (Boro) - on the Cahuinari River and in a colony in the village of Méria on the Igara Paraná River
• Imihitä (Emejeite) - spoken on the Jacaré River
• Fa:ai - spoken in the Sierra Futahy in the same region (poorly attested, only a few words)

Grammar

Bora contains 350 classifiers, the most discovered of any languages thus far.[3][4]

Orthography

The written form of Bora was developed by Wycliffe Bible Translators Wesley and Eva Thiesen with the help of the natives of the village of Brillo Nuevo on the Yaguasyacu river. Wesley and Eva Thiesen's daughter Ruth is also the first recorded non-native to learn the language. First, Bora to Spanish school books was developed. Then the New Testament Bible was translated. Finally, a comprehensive dictionary and grammar book was developed to document and preserve the language's grammar rules. This has since facilitated more textbooks so that speakers can be taught to read and write in their language, rescuing it from extinction due to the prevalence of Spanish and Portuguese in the regions where it is spoken.

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː	ɨ ɨː	ɯ ɯː
Mid	ɛ ɛː		o oː
Open		a aː

• All vowels have long forms. Bora demonstrates contrastive vowel length.
• /ɛː/ before /iː/ is heard as [æː].
• /i/ is heard in shortened form as [ɪ].[5]

Consonants

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Palatal	Velar			Glottal
		plain	pal.	plain	pal.		plain	pal.	labial	plain	pal.
Plosive	plain	p	pʲ	t	tʲ		k	kʲ	k͡p ~ kʷ	ʔ	ʔʲ
	aspirated	pʰ	pʲʰ	tʰ	tʲʰ		kʰ	kʲʰ
Affricate	plain			t͡s	t͡sʲ ~ t͡ʃ
	aspirated			t͡sʰ	t͡sʲʰ ~ t͡ʃʰ
Fricative		β	βʲ				(x)			h	hʲ
Nasal		m	mʲ	n		ɲ
Approximant						j
Flap				ɾ	(ɾʲ)

• /h/ can have an allophone of [x].
• /j/ is also heard as [ɾʲ].

References

External links

Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Bora word list

• Native Languages: Bora Aces. Feb. 2015
• A Grammar of Bora
• Diccionario Bora-Castellano
• Datos Etno-Lingüísticos 1
• Textos folklóricos de los bora
• Vocabulario ocaina

На других языках

---

- [en] Bora language

---

[es] Idioma bora

El Bora es una lengua indígena de América. El Bora propiamente dicho tiene una inteligibilidad mutua del 94% con el dialecto Miraña. Es una lengua tonal como los demás miembros de la familia lingüística bora-huitoto. La familia Bora está compuesta por 3 lenguas, Lenguas muinane (550 personas), Bora (650 personas) y miraña (660 personas).[1]

---

[fr] Bora (langue)

Le bora est une langue witotoane parlée en Amazonie péruvienne dans le bassin de la rivière Putumayo et dans les régions proches du Sud-Est de la Colombie et du Brésil.

---

[ru] Бора (язык)

Бора — индейский язык, распространён на западе Южной Америки. Относится к бора-уитотской семье языков. Общее число носителей — около 3390 человек, из них: 2330 человек в Перу (Лорето), 610 человек в Бразилии (Амазонас) и 450 человек в Колумбии (Амасонас). Выделяют близкородственный диалект миранья, на 94 % понятный носителям бора.

---

---