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The Manding languages (sometimes spelt Manden)[1][2] are a dialect continuum within the Mande language family spoken in West Africa. Varieties of Manding are generally considered (among native speakers) to be mutually intelligible – dependent on exposure or familiarity with dialects between speakers – and spoken by 30 to 40 million people in the countries Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and the Gambia.[3] Their best-known members are Mandinka or Mandingo, the principal language of The Gambia; Bambara, the most widely spoken language in Mali; Maninka or Malinké, a major language of Guinea and Mali; and Jula, a trade language of the northern Ivory Coast and western Burkina Faso. Manding is part of the larger Mandé family of languages.

Manding
Geographic
distribution
West Africa
Linguistic classificationMande
  • Western Mande
    • Central Mande
      • Manding–Jogo
        • Manding–Vai
          • Manding–Mokole
            • Manding
Subdivisions
  • Manding-East
  • Manding-West
ISO 639-2 / 5man
Glottologmand1435
Map of the Manding language continuum

Subdivisions


The Manding languages, the differences from one another and relationships among them are matters that continue to be researched. In addition, the nomenclature is a mixture of indigenous terms and words applied by English and French speakers since before the colonisation of Africa, which makes the picture complex and even confusing.

The Mandinka people speak varieties from the first two groups. The differences between the western and eastern branches manifest themselves primarily phonetically. While dialects of the western group usually have 10 vowels (5 oral and 5 long/nasal), the eastern group, typified by Bambara, has 14 vowels (7 oral and 7 nasal):

Manding-West
Manding-East

In addition, Sininkere (Burkina Faso) is of an unclear placement within Manding.


Writing


The Manding languages have a strong oral tradition, but also have written forms: adaptations of the Arabic alphabet and the Latin alphabet[4] and at least two indigenous scripts.


See also



References





На других языках


- [en] Manding languages

[es] Lengua mandenká o mandingá

El mandenká, en ocasiones escrito mandingá, mandinká o malinké, es un continuo dialectal de África occidental, es decir, un conjunto de variedades lingüísticas habladas en territorios colindantes, con diferencias ligeras en las zonas contiguas y con inteligibilidad mutua que decrece a medida que aumenta la distancia. En la mayoría de casos, no hay límites geográficos claros entre cada dialecto identificado. Incluso las variantes más alejadas tienen un alto grado de inteligibilidad mutua.

[fr] Langues mandingues

Les langues mandingues forment un ensemble de langues d'Afrique de l'Ouest qui constituent le principal groupe, en nombre de locuteurs, de la famille des langues mandées. Il s'agit d'un continuum linguistique, c'est-à-dire que même les variantes les plus éloignées restent mutuellement intelligibles et qu'il n'y a pas de limites géographiques claires entre chaque dialecte identifié. Ses principaux représentants sont le bambara et les malinké de Kita, maninka de l'Est et de l'Ouest au Mali, le dioula, koyaka, mahouka, kponga, mangoro, koroka, djamala, gbotogoka en Côte d’Ivoire et au Burkina Faso, le mandinka au Sénégal, en Gambie et en Guinée Bissau ou le maninka de l'Est en Guinée.

[it] Lingue mandingo

Le lingue mandingo sono un gruppo di lingue e dialetti, generalmente intelligibili tra loro, parlate dal popolo Mandingo dell'Africa Occidentale. Appartengono alla famiglia linguistica delle lingue mande.

[ru] Языки манден

Языки манде́н (мандинго) — группа западной ветви семьи манде. Распространены в Западной Африке (Мали, Гвинея, Гвинея-Бисау, Сенегал, Гамбия, Буркина-Фасо, Кот-д’Ивуар,Сьерра-Леоне, Либерия).



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