lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Search / Calendar

Dyula (or Jula, Dioula, Julakan ߖߎ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲) is a language of the Mande language family spoken in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Mali. It is one of the Manding languages and is most closely related to Bambara, being mutually intelligible with Bambara as well as Malinke. It is a trade language in West Africa and is spoken by millions of people, either as a first or second language. Similar to the other Mande languages, it uses tones. It may be written in the Latin, Arabic or N'Ko scripts.

Dyula
Julakan ߖߎ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲
Native toBurkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali
EthnicityDyula
Native speakers
6,852,620 (2019)[1]
10.3 million L2 speakers
Language family
Mande
  • Western Mande
    • ...
      • Manding
        • East Manding
          • Bambara–Dyula
            • Dyula
Writing system
N'Ko, Latin, Arabic
Language codes
ISO 639-2dyu
ISO 639-3dyu
Glottologdyul1238
A Dyula speaker speaking Mossi and Dyula, recorded in Taiwan.

Phonology



Consonants


Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t c k
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
Fricative voiceless f s h
voiced v z
Rhotic r
Approximant l j w

Vowels


Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

The seven vowel sounds may also be either lengthened /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː/ or nasalized /ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/.[2]


Writing systems



Latin alphabet and orthography


Dioula orthography is regulated in Burkina Faso by the Dioula Sub-Commission of the National Commission for Languages. On 15 July 1971, the National Sub-Commission for Dioula was created[3] and on 16 July 1971, it began a study in order to set the Dioula alphabet. An alphabet was published on 27 July 1973 and gained official status on 2 February 1979.[4] Some letters were added later, c, j for borrowed words, and others were replaced: sh by s, and ny by ɲ.[5]

Dioula Alphabet
A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ɲ Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z
a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ɲ ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w y z
Phonetic value
a b c d e ɛ f g h i ɟ k l m n ɲ ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w j z

In Burkina Faso, the Dioula alphabet is made up of 28 letters each representing a single phoneme. In the orthography, long vowels are represented by doubled letters; thus, /e/ is written e and /eː/, ee. The nasalisation of a vowel is written followed by an n; for example, /ẽ/ is written en.

The notation of tones was recommended in 1973, but in practice they are not written. The transcription guide published in 2003 does not reiterate this recommendation. Tones are noted solely in lexicographical works. However, to avoid ambiguity, tone marking is obligatory in certain cases.

For example:


N'Ko alphabet


The N'Ko script is an indigenous writing system for the Manding language continuum, invented in 1949 by Solomana Kanté, a Guinean educator. Today, the script has been digitised as part of Unicode, which allows it to be used easily online, but the lack of funding and the official status of French means that use of this alphabet largely happens outside of formal education and is not systematically used on street signs, etc.


Use in media


Dioula can be heard spoken in the 2004 film Night of Truth, directed by Fanta Régina Nacro, Burkina Faso's first female director.


See also



References


  1. "Jula". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
  2. Hien, Amélie (2000). La terminologie de la médecine traditionnelle en milieu jula du Burkina Faso : méthode de recherche, langue de la santé et lexique julakan-français, français-julakan. Université de Montréal.
  3. Republic of Burkina Faso, Ministerial Decree no 54/ENC/CNU.
  4. Republic of Burkina Faso, Ministerial Decree no 367/ENC/CNU.
  5. Diallo, Mohamadou (2001). "Le noyau du code orthographique du dioula du Burkina Faso". Mandekan, Bulletin Semestriel d'Études Linguistiques Mandé. 37: 9–31.



Bibliography



На других языках


[de] Dioula

Dioula (auch Dyula oder Jula) (Code: dyu nach ISO 639) bezeichnet eine westafrikanische Mande-Sprache und wird zugleich als Kategorisierung von Gesellschaftsgruppen im Norden der Elfenbeinküste und in Burkina Faso verwendet. Als Schrift dient die N’Ko-Schrift.
- [en] Dyula language

[es] Idioma yulá

El idioma yulá (también escrito en ocasiones diula por el término francés dioula, dyula, autoglotónimo julakan) es la denominación de varias hablas de la lengua mandenká o mandinga, subgrupo de la familia mandé, autóctonas de Costa de Marfil, Malí y principalmente de Burkina Faso donde tiene un millón de hablantes. Tradicionalmente ha sido lengua comercial en África occidental, como primera o segunda lengua. El número total de hablantes es de unos 2,7 millones. Se utiliza generalmente para comerciar y como forma de comunicación interétnica, coexistiendo con el francés, que es idioma oficial.

[fr] Dioula (langue)

Le dioula est un des parlers mandingue (sous-groupe des langues mandées), une langue parlée ou comprise par environ 20 millions de personnes au Mali, en Côte d'Ivoire, au Burkina Faso (pays dans lequel le dioula a le statut de langue nationale) et présente plus largement dans toute l'Afrique de l'Ouest comme langue véhiculaire, une des plus importantes de la sous-région.

[it] Lingua dioula

La lingua dioula o dioula, chiamata anche jula o dyula, è una lingua mandingo parlata in Burkina Faso, in Costa d'Avorio e in Mali.

[ru] Дьюла (язык)

Язык дьюла — язык народа дьюла. Относится к группе манде и распространён в Буркина-Фасо и Кот-д’Ивуар. Широко используется в торговле в странах Западной Африки. Языки бамана, манинка и дьюла являются родственными и легко взаимопонимаемы.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии